31:T5d8,

The Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) was created in August 1995. SAPP has seventeen members from twelve member countries including national utilities, transmission companies and independent generators. SAPP established the Short-Term Energy Market in April 2001. From January 2004, SAPP started the development of a competitive electricity market for the SADC region.

The Day-ahead Market (DAM) matches buyers and sellers in hourly intervals for settlement the following day. The DAM has historically been the largest SAPP market accounting for at least 50% of total turnover.

For more information on the Day-ahead market:

32:T87b,{ let data=[] function get_val(p) { if (settings.share=='mwh') { return p.flow_sum } else { return p.value } } let flow_nodes= d3.rollup(flow_filtered, v=>d3.sum(v,p=>Math.abs(get_val(p))), f=>f.node, f=>f.date, f=>f.flow_sum<0?'supply':'consume') let flow_total= d3.rollup(flow_filtered, v=>d3.sum(v,p=>get_val(p)), f=>f.date, f=>f.flow_sum<0?'supply':'consume') function series(node_ref) { if (flow_nodes.get(node_ref)) { const nde=Array.from(flow_nodes.get(node_ref)) function series_side (side) { data.push({ y: nde.map((v,i)=>v[1].get(side)/flow_total.get(v[0]).get(side)), x: nde.map(h=> h[0]), mode: 'lines', marker: {opacity: 0.8,shape:'spline', color: node_dict[node_ref].col, width: 2}, type: 'bar', hoverinfo: 'x,y', showlegend:side=='consume', name: node_dict[node_ref].member }) } series_side('consume') series_side('supply') } } nodes.forEach(n=>{ if (Object.fromEntries(selected_nodes.map(c=>[c,c]))[n.ref]) { series(n.ref) } }) var layout = { height: 350, width: width-30, barmode: 'relative', font: font, showlegend: true, legend: {xanchor: 'left', x:1, y: 1}, margin: {l: 50,r: 5,b: 30,t: 0}, xaxis: { range:[ monthly[0].lux_date.minus({month:0.5}).toJSDate(), monthly[monthly.length-1].lux_date.plus({month:0.5}).toJSDate() ], showgrid: true, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside' }, yaxis: { title:settings.share=='mwh'?'GWh':'$', range:[-1.05,1.05], showgrid: true, zeroline: true, tickformat: '.0%', ticks:'outside' }, annotations: [{ xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.35, font: {color: "#555",size: 17}, text: 'Sellers', }, { xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.65, font: {color: "#555",size: 17}, text: 'Buyers', }] } const div=container('Proportion of supply and consumption participation in the market.') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return html`${div}` }33:T841,{ let data=[] function get_val(p) { if (settings.share=='mwh') { return p.flow_sum/1000 } else { return p.value/1000 } } let flow_nodes= d3.rollup(flow_filtered, v=>d3.sum(v,p=>get_val(p)), f=>f.node, f=>f.date, f=>f.flow_sum<0?'supply':'consume') //let flow_total= d3.rollup(flow_filtered, v=>d3.sum(v,p=>get_val(p)), f=>f.date, f=>f.flow_sum<0?'supply':'consume') function series(node_ref) { if (flow_nodes.get(node_ref)) { const nde=Array.from(flow_nodes.get(node_ref)) function series_side (side) { data.push({ y: nde.map((v,i)=>v[1].get(side)), x: nde.map(h=> h[0]), mode: 'lines', marker: {opacity: 0.8,shape:'spline', color: node_dict[node_ref].col, width: 2}, type: 'bar', hoverinfo: 'x,y', showlegend:side=='consume', name: node_dict[node_ref].member }) } series_side('consume') series_side('supply') } } nodes.forEach(n=>{ if (Object.fromEntries(selected_nodes.map(c=>[c,c]))[n.ref]) { series(n.ref) } }) var layout = { height: 350, width: width-30, barmode: 'relative', font: font, showlegend: true, legend: {xanchor: 'left', x:1, y: 1}, margin: {l: 50,r: 5,b: 30,t: 0}, xaxis: { range:[ monthly[0].lux_date.minus({month:0.5}).toJSDate(), monthly[monthly.length-1].lux_date.plus({month:0.5}).toJSDate() ], showgrid: true, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside' }, yaxis: { title:settings.share=='mwh'?'GWh':'$000s', showgrid: true, zeroline: true, tickformat: '.0f', ticks:'outside' }, annotations: [{ xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.15, font: {color: "#555",size: 17}, text: 'Sellers', }, { xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.65, font: {color: "#555",size: 17}, text: 'Buyers', }] } const div=container('Supply and consumption participation in the market.') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return html`${div}` }34:Te04,function participant(node) { let param = settings2.share=='power'?'flow_sum':settings2.share let flow_nds=d3.rollup(flow.filter(f=>f.node==node), v=>(d3.sum(v,p=>p[param])), f=>f.side, f=>f.date, f=>f.cat) function series(cat,side) { function val(h){ let mon = sde.get(h.date) if (mon) { return mon.get(cat)/(settings2.share=='value'?1000000:1000) / (settings2.share=='power'?h[cat + '_hour_count']/1000:1) } else { return null } } const sde=flow_nds.get(side) if (sde) { data.push( { y: monthly.map(h=>val(h)), x: monthly.map(h=> h.date), mode: 'lines+markers', marker: {color: make_trans(catCol(cats[cat].index),0.8), size: 4}, line: {shape:'spline'}, type: settings2.share=='power'?'scatter':'bar', hoverinfo: 'none', name: cat, showlegend: side=='consume' }) } } function tot(side) { const sde=flow_nds.get(side) function format(raw) { let val = d3.format(',.2r')(Math.abs(raw)/(settings2.share=='value'?1000000:1000)) if (settings2.share=='flow_sum') { return val + 'GWh' } if (settings2.share=='value') { return '$' + val + 'm' } } if (sde) { data.push({ y: monthly.map(h=> { let mon = sde.get(h.date) if (mon) { return d3.sum(Array.from(mon), v=>v[1])/(settings2.share=='value'?1000000:1000) } else { return null } }), text: monthly.map(h=> { let mon = sde.get(h.date) if (mon) { return ''+ h.lux_date.toFormat('LLL yy') + ' - ' + (side=='consume'?'Buying':'Selling') + '
' + format(d3.sum(Array.from(mon), v=>v[1])) } else { return null } }), x: monthly.map(h=> h.date), name: 'Total', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend: false, type: 'scatter', mode:'lines', line:{width:0.5, color: d3.schemeCategory10[side=='consume'?5:2], shape:'spline'} }) } } let data=[] Object.keys(cats).forEach(c=>{ series(c, 'supply') series(c, 'consume') }) if (settings2.share!='power') { tot('supply') tot('consume') } function range(){ if (settings2.share=='value') { return [-11,11] } if (settings2.share=='flow_sum') { return [-170,170] } if (settings2.share=='power') { return [-250,250] } } function xtitle(){ if (settings2.share=='value') { return '$m' } if (settings2.share=='flow_sum') { return 'GWh' } if (settings2.share=='power') { return 'MW' } } var layout = { height: 250, width: width-30, barmode:'relative', font: font, showlegend: true, legend: {xanchor: 'left', x:1, y: 1}, margin: {l: 90,r: 90,b: 30,t: 0}, xaxis: { range:[ monthly[0].lux_date.minus({month:0.5}).toJSDate(), monthly[monthly.length-1].lux_date.plus({month:0.5}).toJSDate() ], showgrid: true, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside' }, yaxis: { title: xtitle(), showgrid: true, zeroline: true, tickformat: ',.0f', ticks:'outside', range: range() }, annotations: [{ xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.10, font: {color: "#777",size: 14}, text: 'Selling', }, { xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.90, font: {color: "#777",size: 14}, text: 'Buying', }] }; const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}) return div }35:Tc97,function partChart(param, caption) { let data=[] let curves=[] function series(node_ref, side) { let dat = flow_groups.filter(v=>v.node==node_ref)[0] curves.push(node_ref) if (dat) { data.push( { y: ys(dat, side), x: dat.dates.map(v=> v.date), text: dat.dates.map(v=> '' + v.lux_date.toFormat('LLL yy')), hovertemplate: "%{data.name}
" + "%{text}
" + "%{y:,.0f} %{yaxis.title.text}" + "", mode: 'lines+markers', line: {color: node_dict[node_ref].col, width: 2}, fill:'none', marker:{size:4}, type: 'scatter', hoverinfo: 'text', name: node_dict[node_ref].member, showlegend:(side=='consume'?false:true) } ) } } function ys(dat, side) { if (param=='volume' || param=='value') { return dat.dates.map(v=>v[side][param]/1000) } if (param=='price') { return dat.dates.map(v => { if (v[side]) { return v[side].value/v[side].volume * (side=='consume'?1:-1) } }) } } nodes.forEach(n=>{ if (Object.fromEntries(selected_nodes.map(c=>[c,c]))[n.ref]) { if (param=='price') { series(n.ref, 'consume') series(n.ref, 'supply') } else { series(n.ref, 'net') } } }) function yAxis(){ let ret = { showgrid: true, zeroline: true, tickformat: ',.0f', ticks:'outside' } if (param=='volume') { ret.title='GWh' } if (param=='power') { ret.title='MW' } if (param=='value') { ret.title='$000s' } if (param=='price') { ret.title='$/MWh' } return ret } var layout = { height: 350, width: width-30, font: font, hovermode: 'closest', showlegend: true, legend: {xanchor: 'left', x:1, y: 1}, margin: {l: 50,r: 5,b: 30,t: 0}, xaxis: { range:[ monthly[0].lux_date.minus({month:0.5}).toJSDate(), monthly[monthly.length-1].lux_date.plus({month:0.5}).toJSDate() ], showgrid: true, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside' }, yaxis: yAxis(), annotations: [{ xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.10, font: {color: "#777",size: 18}, text: 'Sellers', }, { xref: 'paper', yref: 'paper', showarrow: false, x: 0.07, y: 0.90, font: {color: "#777",size: 18}, text: 'Buyers', }] }; const div=container(caption) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}) curves=curves.map((v,i)=>[i,v]) div.on('plotly_hover', d => { var curveNumber = d.points[0].curveNumber let cus=curves.filter(v=>v[1]===curves[curveNumber][1]).map(v=>v[0]) console.log(cus) var vals = div.data.map((_, i) => (i === cus[0] || i === cus[1]) ? 1 : 0.2) var vals2 = div.data.map((_, i) => (i === cus[0] || i === cus[1]) ? 'tozeroy' : '') plt.restyle(div, 'opacity', vals) plt.restyle(div, 'fill', vals2) }) div.on('plotly_unhover', d => { var vals = div.data.map((_, i) => 1) var vals2 = div.data.map((_, i) => '') plt.restyle(div, 'opacity', vals) plt.restyle(div, 'fill', vals2) }) return html`${div}` }36:T9cf,nodes=[ {ref: 'BOT', country: 'Botswana', name: 'Botswana Power Corporation', member:'BPC', col: d3.schemeTableau10[1], offset:[-300,170], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'ZAMC', country: 'Zambia', name: 'Copperbelt Energy Corporation', member:'CEC',col: d3.schemeTableau10[5], offset:[-415,-100], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'MOZ', country: 'Mozambique', name: 'Electricidade De Mozambique', member:'EDM',col: d3.schemeTableau10[2], offset:[180, 20], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'RSA', country: 'South Africa', name: 'Eskom', member:'Eskom',col: d3.schemeTableau10[4], offset:[-30,30], default_show:true}, {ref: 'ESW', country: 'Swaziland', name: 'Eswatini Electricity Company', member:'EEC',col: d3.schemeTableau10[6], offset:[140,80], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'HCB', country: 'Mozambique', name: 'Hydroelectrica De Cahora Bassa', member:'HCB',col: d3.schemeTableau10[0], offset:[280,-90], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'LES', country: 'Lesotho', name: 'LEC', member:'LEC',col: d3.schemeTableau10[8], offset:[160,130], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'NAM', country: 'Namibia', name: 'NamPower', member:'NamPower',col: d3.schemeTableau10[3], offset:[-200,20], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'DRC', country: 'DRC', name:'SNEL', member:'SNEL',col: '#b7950b', offset:[35,60], default_show:true}, {ref: 'ZAMZ', country: 'Zambia', name: 'ZESCO', member:'ZESCO',col: d3.schemeTableau10[7], offset:[-460,50], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'ZIM', country: 'Zimbabwe', name: 'ZETDC', member:'ZETDC',col: d3.schemeTableau10[9], offset:[250,120], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'ZAMN', country: 'Zambia', name:'Ndola Energy Company', member:'NECL',col: '#d7bde2', offset:[-290,-100], leader:true, default_show:false}, {ref: 'ZAML', country: 'Zambia', name:'Lunsemfwa Hydro Power Company', member:'LHPC',col: '#34495e', offset:[-320,50], leader:true, default_show:true}, {ref: 'TNZ', country: 'Tanzania', name:'TENESCO', member:'TENESCO',col: '#148f77', offset:[170,-25], leader:true, default_show:false}, {ref: 'MAL', country: 'Malawi', name:'ESCOM', member:'ESCOM',col: '#b3b6b7', offset:[170,-50], leader:true, default_show:false}, {ref: 'ANG', country: 'Angola', name:'RNT', member:'RNT',col: '#5dade2', offset:[-150,-0], leader:true, default_show:false}, {ref: 'MOT', country: 'Mozambique', name:'Motraco', member:'Motraco',col: '#9b59b6', offset:[0,0], leader:true, default_show:false}, ]37:[{"id":"f97fdeb7341d3f752a7271f84a46608de7c558c00d96c577adeee0965b8603a8c97870615569a9fa16d0c6fa12d7e7b4892657bad77501f966f08b8e13e8e6b9","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/f97fdeb7341d3f752a7271f84a46608de7c558c00d96c577adeee0965b8603a8c97870615569a9fa16d0c6fa12d7e7b4892657bad77501f966f08b8e13e8e6b9","name":"APP logo.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1660151038778.144,"size":92844}] 2f:{"title":"Day-ahead Market (DAM) - Market participants","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"
Day-ahead Market (DAM) - Market participants
","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":683,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":58,"value":"viewof selected_nodes = {\n const form = html`\n
\n
\n
\nSelect which members to show. By default only those members who have participated in the market are shown. \n
\n
\n\n${ nodes.map((cat,i)=>`\n
\n
\n\n${cat.name} - ${cat.country}\n
\n
\n`)}\n\n
\n
\n
`\n\n\n form.oninput = () => {\n form.value = Array.prototype.filter\n .call(form.input, i => i.checked)\n .map(i => i.value)\n }\n form.oninput()\n return form\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":61,"value":"viewof settings = {\n const form = html`\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n Time-of-day Category\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n Market share by\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
`\n \n form.oninput = () => {\n form.value = {period: form.period.value, share: form.share.value} \n }\n form.oninput()\n return form\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":67,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":653,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":102,"value":"partChart('volume', 'Net volumes traded by each participant in the market.')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":113,"value":"partChart('value', 'Net value traded by each participant in the market.')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":404,"value":"partChart('price', 'Buy and sell price achived by each participant in the market.')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":214,"value":"
\n
Participant History
","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":211,"value":"viewof settings2 = {\n const form = html`\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n Market share by\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
`\n \n form.oninput = () => {\n form.value = {share: form.share.value} \n }\n form.oninput()\n return form\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":218,"value":"{\n const div=DOM.element('div')\n nodes.forEach(n=>{\n if (Object.fromEntries(selected_nodes.map(c=>[c,c]))[n.ref]) {\n const inner = DOM.element('div')\n inner.setAttribute(\"class\",\"border m-2 p-2\")\n div.appendChild(inner)\n inner.appendChild(html`
${n.member} - ${n.country}
`) \n inner.appendChild(participant(n.ref)) \n \n }\n })\n return div\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":216,"value":"

\n
Setup
","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":220,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":484,"value":"participants=d3.rollups(flow_filtered, v=>{return {date: v[0].date, node: v[0].node} }, v=>v.date, v=>v.side, v=>v.node).map(v=> { \n var sides = Object.fromEntries(v[1])\n return {\n date: v[0],\n consumers: sides.consume?sides.consume.length:0,\n suppliers: sides.supply?sides.supply.length:0,\n total: d3.groups(flow_filtered.filter(m=>+m.date==+v[0]), l=>l.node).length\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":79,"value":"recent=true","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":97,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":353,"value":"flow_groups=d3.groups(flow_filtered,v=>v.node, v=>v.date, v=>v.side).map(n=>{\n function totals(vals){\n if (vals) {\n return {\n volume: d3.sum(vals, v=>v.flow_sum),\n value: d3.sum(vals, v=>v.value),\n price: d3.sum(vals, v=>v.value)/d3.sum(vals, v=>v.flow_sum),\n }\n }\n }\n \n return {\n node: n[0],\n dates: n[1].map(d=>{\n let sds = Object.fromEntries(d[1]) \n let ret = {\n date: d[0],\n lux_date: DateTime.fromJSDate(d[0]),\n consume: totals(sds.consume),\n supply: totals(sds.supply),\n }\n ret.net={ \n volume: (ret.consume?ret.consume.volume:0) + (ret.supply?ret.supply.volume:0),\n value: (ret.consume?ret.consume.value:0) + (ret.supply?ret.supply.value:0)\n }\n return ret\n })\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":75,"value":"flow_filtered = {\n if (settings.period=='all') {\n return flow\n } else {\n return flow.filter(f=>f.cat==settings.period)\n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":24,"value":"node_dict=Object.fromEntries(nodes.map(n=>[n.ref,n]))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":32,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":30,"value":"cats = {\n return {\n evening: { index: 3, name: 'Evening Peak', ref: 'evening'}, \n morning: { index: 1, name: 'Morning Peak', ref: 'morning'}, \n standard: {index: 2, name: 'Standard', ref: 'standard'},\n off: {index: 0, name: 'Night Off-peak', ref: 'off'}, \n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":87,"value":"
Load
","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":28,"value":"market_ref='dam'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":26,"value":"base_url='https://data.africanpowerprojects.com/sapp/output/'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":69,"value":"monthly = {\n let raw = (await d3.csv(base_url + market_ref + \"_monthly.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType))\n raw.map(r=>{\n r.lux_date=DateTime.fromObject({year: r.year, month: r.month, day: 1, hour: 0, zone: 0})\n r.date=r.lux_date.toJSDate()\n })\n if (recent) { raw = raw.filter(v=>v.lux_date.year>2018) }\n return raw\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":72,"value":"flow = {\n let raw = (await d3.csv(base_url + market_ref + \"_flow_monthly_cat.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType))\n raw.forEach(r=>{\n r.lux_date=DateTime.fromObject({year: r.year, month: r.month, day: 1,hour:0,minute:0, zone: 0})\n r.date = r.lux_date.toJSDate()\n })\n if (recent) { raw = raw.filter(v=>v.lux_date.year>2018) }\n return raw\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":53,"value":"
Functions
","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":22,"value":"container = function(captionText) {\n const div=DOM.element('div')\n div.setAttribute(\"class\",\"border m-2 p-2\")\n const caption=DOM.element('figcaption')\n caption.append(captionText)\n div.append(caption)\n return div\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":20,"value":"function catCol(index) {\n return d3.schemeCategory10[index]\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":18,"value":"make_trans=function(col,opacity) {\n let c=d3.color(col)\n c.opacity=opacity\n return c.formatRgb()\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":16,"value":"font = ({\n family: 'Courier New, monospace',\n size: 13,\n color: '#6f6f6f'\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":14,"value":"plt = require(\"https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":12,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@5\",\"d3-array@^2.10\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":10,"value":"html`\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":8,"value":"style=html`css `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":4,"value":"DateTime = luxon.DateTime","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":6,"value":"luxon = require(\"luxon@1/build/amd/luxon.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W37","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}