31:T5bc,{ let container = DOM.element('div', { class: `border`, style: `width:${width}px;height:${width/2}px` }); yield container; let map = L.map(container).setView([-15.5, 28], 7); let osmLayer = L.tileLayer('https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/light_all/{z}/{x}/{y}@2x.png', { attribution: '© OpenStreetMap contributors' }).addTo(map); let dotIcon = L.icon({ iconUrl: await FileAttachment("full-stop.png").url(), iconSize: [50, 50], iconAnchor: [25, 25] }); projects.forEach(proj=>{ L.marker(proj.location.coordinates, { icon: L.divIcon({ className: "leaflet-marker-label", html: `

${proj.name} - ${d3.format('.2r')(proj.capacity)}MW`, text: proj.name, iconAnchor:[-10+(proj.map_dx?proj.map_dx:0),15] }) }).addTo(map); L.marker(proj.location.coordinates, {icon: dotIcon}).addTo(map); }) L.tileLayer.wms('https://gis.westernpower.org/geoserver/power_system/wms?', {layers: 'powerlines', format: 'image/png', transparent: true, }).addTo(map); L.tileLayer.wms('https://gis.westernpower.org/geoserver/power_system/wms?', {layers: 'powerlines_proposed', format: 'image/png', transparent: true, }).addTo(map); }32:T189e, function project(proj){ return html`

${proj.name}

${proj.rollup? ``:''}

${proj.capacity_label} ${proj.type}

${proj.location.description}

Status

Project: ${proj.project_status}
Design: ${proj.engineer_status}
E&S: ${proj.environmental_status}

Technical

${proj.capacity_label} ${proj.type} for ${d3.format('.0f')(proj.production_p50_annual)} GWh/year at ${d3.format('.2f')(proj.capacity_factor)} cf

${proj.technology}

Using ${proj.resource} with ${proj.resource_description}

${proj.connection_type} at ${proj.power_evacuation_node} via ${proj.power_evacuation_description}

${proj.construction_time} year construction for COD ${proj.cod}

Finance

${proj.financials.structure}
Project: ${d3.format('.2r')(proj.financials.project_cost/proj.capacity)}m $/MW, EPC: ${d3.format('.2r')(proj.financials.epc_cost/proj.capacity)}m $/MW
${d3.format('.2r')(proj.financials.project_cost/proj.production_p50_annual)}m $/GWh P50 annual
EPC Cost	$${d3.format('.0f')(proj.financials.epc_cost)}m
Project Cost	$${d3.format('.0f')(proj.financials.project_cost)}m
COD Tariff	$${d3.format('.2r')(proj.financials.tariff_cod*10)}/MWh
Gearing	${proj.financials.gearing[0]}:${proj.financials.gearing[1]}
Debt	$${d3.format('.0f')(proj.financials.gearing[0]/100 *proj.financials.project_cost)}m for ${proj.financials.debt_tenor} years at ${proj.financials.debt_rate}%
Equity	$${d3.format('.0f')(proj.financials.gearing[1]/100 *proj.financials.project_cost)}m at ${proj.financials.equity_irr}% IRR

` } 33:T217b,projects=[ { ref: 'ngonye', color: '#2874a6', name: 'Ngonye Falls RoR Hydro', icon: await FileAttachment("hydro-power.png").url(), spv: 'Western Power Company', type: 'Run-of-river hydro', technology: '4no 45MW bulb turbines', project_status: 'Late-stage activities including finance structuring and EPC procurement', engineer_status: 'Full feasibility by Mott MacDonald (UK)', environmental_status: 'Approved ESIA to IFC standards', connection_type: 'Grid connected', dispatchability: 'Non-dispatchable', grid_services: 'Inertia, reactive power', intended_offtaker: 'ZESCO', location: { description: 'Senanga and Sioma Districts, Western Province, Zambia', coordinates: [-16.6, 23.5] }, resource: 'Zambezi River, Ngonye Falls', resource_description: 'river flow 250 - 3,000 m\u00B3/s and head 10-23m', power_evacuation_node: 'Sesheke s/s', power_evacuation_description: 'new build 110km 330kV T-Line', capacity_factor: 0.53, capacity: 180, capacity_label: '180MW', production_p50_annual: 838, construction_time: 3, cod: 2026, financials: { structure: 'Project finance in USD with DFI debt against a USD PPA with ZESCO', epc_cost: 425, project_cost: 680, tariff_cod: 9.99, gearing:[75,25], equity_irr:15, debt_rate: 8, debt_tenor: 18 } },{ ref: 'ilute', color: '#f5b041', name: 'Ilute I Solar', icon: await FileAttachment("solar-panel.png").url(), spv: 'Ilute', type: 'Solar PV', technology: '27,240 Bi-facial crystaline PV units on single axis trackers', project_status: 'Late-stage activities including finance structuring. MLA appointed due dilligence commenced', engineer_status: 'Full feasibility by Wood Group UK. EPC contract under negotiation', environmental_status: 'ESIA submitted to ZEMA, final IFC standard studies being finalised', connection_type: 'Grid connected', dispatchability: 'Non-dispatchable', grid_services: 'Reactive power', intended_offtaker: 'Africa GreenCo', location: { description: 'Sesheke District, Western Province, Zambia', coordinates:[-17.4, 24.1] }, resource: 'solar irradiation at Sesheke', resource_description: 'GHI of 2,215kWh/m\u00B2', power_evacuation_node: 'Sesheke s/s', power_evacuation_description: 'new build 7km 66kV T-Line', capacity_factor: 0.33, capacity: 25, capacity_label: '25MWac', production_p50_annual: 73.334, construction_time: 1, cod: 2024, financials: { structure: 'Project finance in USD with DFI debt against a USD PPA with Africa GreenCo.', epc_cost: 27, project_cost: 42, tariff_cod: 7.7, gearing: [70,30], equity_irr: 11.6, debt_rate: 7.5, debt_tenor: 18 } }, { ref: 'ilute2', color: '#f5b041', name: 'Ilute II Solar', icon: await FileAttachment("solar-panel.png").url(), map_dx: 170, spv: 'Ilute II', type: 'Solar PV', technology: 'Solar PV', project_status: 'Development stage with offtaker agreed', engineer_status: 'Leveraging Ilute I technical studies', environmental_status: 'Leveraging Ilute I E&S studies. ESIA to be completed.', connection_type: 'Grid connected', dispatchability: 'Non-dispatchable', grid_services: 'Reactive power', intended_offtaker: 'ZESCO', location: { description: 'Sesheke District, Western Province, Zambia', coordinates:[-17.4, 24.1] }, resource: 'solar irradiation at Sesheke', resource_description: 'GHI of 2,215kWh/m\u00B2', power_evacuation_node: 'Sesheke s/s', power_evacuation_description: 'not decided', capacity_factor: 0.33, capacity: 50, capacity_label: '50MWac', production_p50_annual: 140, construction_time: 1.5, cod: 2025, financials: { structure: 'Project finance in USD with DFI debt against a USD PPA with ZESCO.', epc_cost: 50, project_cost: 80, tariff_cod: 7.2, gearing: [70,30], equity_irr: 12, debt_rate: 7.5, debt_tenor: 18 } }, { ref: 'unika', color: '#ec7063', name: 'Unika I Wind', icon: await FileAttachment("wind-power.png").url(), spv: 'Unika 1', type: 'Wind', technology: '43no Siemens Gamesa SG 4.7-155 MW wind turbine generators (WTGs) operating at a hub height of 121m', project_status: 'Preliminary design and feasibility complete. Offtake and financing ongoing', engineer_status: 'Feasibility by Wood Group UK & Zutari', environmental_status: 'ESIA to IFC standards (first wind ESIA in Zambia) submitted to ZEMA, awaiting approval', connection_type: 'Grid connected', dispatchability: 'Non-dispatchable', grid_services: 'Reactive power', intended_offtaker: 'ZESCO', location: { description: 'Katete District, Eastern Province, Zambia', coordinates: [-13.8, 32.1], }, resource: 'wind', resource_description: '7.14 m/s long term average wind speed @121m', power_evacuation_node: 'Msoro s/s', power_evacuation_description: 'new build 27km of 330kV', capacity_factor: 0.378, capacity: 202.1, capacity_label: '200MW', production_p50_annual: 669.3, construction_time: 2, cod: 2025, financials: { structure: 'Project finance in USD with DFI debt against a USD PPA with ZESCO', epc_cost: 344, project_cost: 454, tariff_cod: 8, gearing: [75,25], equity_irr: 14.1, debt_rate: 6, debt_tenor: 18 } }, { ref: 'chela', color: '#229954', name: 'Chela Falls RoR Hydro', icon: await FileAttachment("hydro-power.png").url(), rollup: true, spv: 'Luano Valley Resources', type: 'Run-of-river mini hydro', technology: '1 crossflow or francis turbine', project_status: 'Preliminary design and feasibility complete. Offtake and financing ongoing', engineer_status: 'Preliminary designs by GIBB Power (RSA) and AiCon (Zambia)', environmental_status: 'Complete scoping report by Armitage', connection_type: 'Local mini-grid and grid connected', dispatchability: 'Non-dispatchable', grid_services: 'Inertia and reactive power', intended_offtaker: 'ZESCO', location: { description: 'Luano District, Central Province, Zambia', coordinates: [-14.8, 28.9], }, resource: 'Mulungushi river downstream of the mulungushi HPP dam', resource_description: '15m3/s flow @ 34m head', power_evacuation_node: 'Mulungushi HPP switchyard', power_evacuation_description: 'new build 17.5km of 33kV', capacity_factor: 0.59, capacity: 4.1, capacity_label: '4MW', production_p50_annual: 21, construction_time: 1, cod: 2024, financials: { structure: 'Project finance in Zambian Kwacha with Zambian Commercial Bank debt against a Kwacha PPA with ZESCO.', epc_cost: 12, project_cost: 16.8, tariff_cod: 10.8, gearing: [75,25], equity_irr: 13, debt_rate: 7, debt_tenor: 18 } },{ ref: 'agri', color: '#99a3a4', name: 'AgriPower CHP Biomass', icon: await FileAttachment("biomass.png").url(), map_dx: 245, rollup: true, spv: 'Western AgriPower Ltd', type: 'Biomass CHP', technology: 'Combustion combined with steam cycle', project_status: 'Pre-feasibility, fuel assessment. Off-take discussions', engineer_status: 'Pre-feasibility including country-wide Fuel Assessment', environmental_status: 'Not initiated', connection_type: 'Grid connected', dispatchability: 'Dispatchable', grid_services: 'Inertia, reactive power', intended_offtaker: 'Corporate CHP consumer', location: { description: 'Kapiri Mposhi District, Central Province, Zambia', coordinates: [-13.9, 28.7] }, resource: 'Cereal Straw, Zambia', resource_description: '189,000 tonnes of available cereal straw', power_evacuation_node: 'tbc', power_evacuation_description: 'tbc', capacity_factor: 0.90, capacity: 8, capacity_label: '8MWe / 11MWheat', production_p50_annual: 77, construction_time: 2, cod: 2027, financials: { structure: 'Project finance in USD with DFI debt against a USD PPA with corporate offtaker', epc_cost: 28, project_cost: 34, tariff_cod: 11.3, gearing:[75,25], equity_irr:15, debt_rate: 5.7, debt_tenor: 19 } } ]34:[{"id":"d2cb225aadd7e9e7771310d42b6ac5949092991815e3437ccf36ef1e449c799e6615ecce96eecbc7f8fd0305e1f464ec755b1707dd447cd2918560863411ce8a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/d2cb225aadd7e9e7771310d42b6ac5949092991815e3437ccf36ef1e449c799e6615ecce96eecbc7f8fd0305e1f464ec755b1707dd447cd2918560863411ce8a","name":"hydro-power.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661774172256.127,"size":15056},{"id":"b3c72c6af417f786a7a1720d02ac4b547760d7299cd0fabd9b0ba9eb54dac58e33852719793ae15c7872a64c86fbf7f7a733764a5414ff739c1e7c873015c5d0","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/b3c72c6af417f786a7a1720d02ac4b547760d7299cd0fabd9b0ba9eb54dac58e33852719793ae15c7872a64c86fbf7f7a733764a5414ff739c1e7c873015c5d0","name":"solar-panel.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661774778217.49,"size":17540},{"id":"9c3570a66b43d6624e338a3616ba569774ea23722f8b6f6bb662c09da0e267c8e1c7698c225bc6d11b761be592680fcf1f10c1b42b9f42f6e3e95b5706745b5a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/9c3570a66b43d6624e338a3616ba569774ea23722f8b6f6bb662c09da0e267c8e1c7698c225bc6d11b761be592680fcf1f10c1b42b9f42f6e3e95b5706745b5a","name":"wind-power.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661774783174.37,"size":11595},{"id":"1229021ed21c6cf79e5377cfe6f35793db9905894188d735be8e79728b8617a4113afded329733950e39b60e208561194248b6cdd74d98ba103c6786a6e60b65","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1229021ed21c6cf79e5377cfe6f35793db9905894188d735be8e79728b8617a4113afded329733950e39b60e208561194248b6cdd74d98ba103c6786a6e60b65","name":"buffalo.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661972363210.888,"size":43736},{"id":"f97fdeb7341d3f752a7271f84a46608de7c558c00d96c577adeee0965b8603a8c97870615569a9fa16d0c6fa12d7e7b4892657bad77501f966f08b8e13e8e6b9","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/f97fdeb7341d3f752a7271f84a46608de7c558c00d96c577adeee0965b8603a8c97870615569a9fa16d0c6fa12d7e7b4892657bad77501f966f08b8e13e8e6b9","name":"APP logo.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661972080485.103,"size":92844},{"id":"95b4150d6d762c2c242d39e1ca6fa423e33a31dac749d141060597ac07247576c64a7bd0d54257120e30b7e85d4e441fc58fe5aee01a316961d3dae919dc3dfc","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/95b4150d6d762c2c242d39e1ca6fa423e33a31dac749d141060597ac07247576c64a7bd0d54257120e30b7e85d4e441fc58fe5aee01a316961d3dae919dc3dfc","name":"full-stop.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661970414826.113,"size":2516},{"id":"afc2c34ee4a29e449265d4ef8016f969a7727e7813a95f3e671c70e893ba773ba30e63588b75dee584db2deff21848658f3203b1788187bd23f1ba73ddfee40a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/afc2c34ee4a29e449265d4ef8016f969a7727e7813a95f3e671c70e893ba773ba30e63588b75dee584db2deff21848658f3203b1788187bd23f1ba73ddfee40a","name":"biomass.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1661970178608.474,"size":12505}] 2f:{"title":"African Power Projects and Buffalo Energy","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"

African Power Projects and Buffalo Energy

Zambian Renewable Energy Projects

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":725,"value":"

\nBuffalo Energy and African Power Projects are collaborating on the development of five grid-connected renewable energy projects in Zambia totalling over 420MW of installed capacity. All have proven technical and economic feasibility and have no environmental and social 'red flags'. APP and Buffalo are based in Lusaka and are staffed by a group of experienced developers of energy and infrastructure projects in Africa and Europe.\n

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":262,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":73,"value":"{ \n return html`\n

Large-scale projects

\n ${project(projects.filter(v=>v.ref=='ngonye')[0])} \n ${project(projects.filter(v=>v.ref=='ilute')[0])} \n ${project(projects.filter(v=>v.ref=='unika')[0])} \n

\n ${project(projects.filter(v=>v.ref=='ilute2')[0])} \n

Small-scale projects

\n ${project(projects.filter(v=>v.ref=='chela')[0])} \n ${project(projects.filter(v=>v.ref=='agri')[0])} \n

\n `\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":659,"value":"

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":558,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":39,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":286,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":26,"value":"make_trans=function(col,opacity) {\n let c=d3.color(col)\n c.opacity=opacity\n return c.formatRgb()\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":24,"value":"function movingAverage(values, N) {\n let i = 0;\n let sum = 0;\n const means = new Float64Array(values.length).fill(NaN);\n for (let n = Math.min(N - 1, values.length); i < n; ++i) {\n sum += values[i];\n }\n for (let n = values.length; i < n; ++i) {\n sum += values[i];\n means[i - Math.floor(N / 2)] = sum / N;\n sum -= values[i - N + 1];\n }\n return means;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":22,"value":"font = ({\n family: 'Courier New, monospace',\n size: 13,\n color: '#6f6f6f'\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":20,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@6\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":18,"value":"plt = require(\"https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":16,"value":"html`\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":14,"value":"html`\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":12,"value":"ss = require('simple-statistics')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":10,"value":"style=html`css\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":777,"value":"bootstrap = require('bootstrap@4.4.1')","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":8,"value":"luxon = require(\"luxon@1/build/amd/luxon.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":6,"value":"DateTime = luxon.DateTime","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":264,"value":"L = require('leaflet@1.8.0')","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":266,"value":"html``","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W34","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}