31:T4ab,

Where geologic conditions are favorable for enhanced geothermal

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" plant-fervo" : ""}`) .attr("fill", "none") .attr("r", r) .attr("stroke", "#2a2a2a") .attr("transform", d => `translate(${projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])})`); const anno = svg.selectAll(".anno") .data(annoData) .join("g") .attr("class", d => `anno anno-${d.className}`) .attr("transform", d => `translate(${projection([d.longitude(mapwidth), d.latitude(mapwidth)])})`) anno.append("polyline"); anno.append("text") .attr("text-anchor", d => d.textAnchor(mapwidth)) .attr("x", d => d.textX(mapwidth)) .attr("y", d => d.textY(mapwidth)) .html(d => d.textHtml(mapwidth)); anno .each((d, i, e) => { const angle = d.leaderAngle(mapwidth); const a = geometric.pointTranslate([0, 0], angle, r); const b = geometric.pointTranslate(a, angle, d.leaderLength(mapwidth)); const sel = d3.select(e[i]); sel.select("polyline").attr("points", [a, b]); sel.select("text").attr("transform", `translate(${b})`) }); return svg.node() }33:T160f,stateLabels = [ {"state_post":"Ala.","state_postal":"AL","coordinates": ww => [-86.828,32.79]}, {"state_post":"Ark.","state_postal":"AR","coordinates": ww => [-92.444,34.903]}, {"state_post":"Ariz.","state_postal":"AZ","coordinates": ww => [-111.661,34.292]}, {"state_post":"Calif.","state_postal":"CA","coordinates": ww => [-120.561302, 37.223069]}, {"state_post":"Colo.","state_postal":"CO","coordinates": ww => [-105.543,39]}, {"state_post":"Fla.","state_postal":"FL","coordinates": ww => [-81.381,27.693]}, {"state_post":"Ga.","state_postal":"GA","coordinates": ww => [-83.456,32.656]}, {"state_post":"Idaho","state_postal":"ID","coordinates": ww => [-115.289,43.926]}, {"state_post":"Ill.","state_postal":"IL","coordinates": ww => [-89.204,40.068]}, {"state_post":"Ind.","state_postal":"IN","coordinates": ww => [-86.279,39.907]}, {"state_post":"Iowa","state_postal":"IA","coordinates": ww => [-93.498,42.078]}, {"state_post":"Kan.","state_postal":"KS","coordinates": ww => [-98.331,38.5]}, {"state_post":"Ky.","state_postal":"KY","coordinates": ww => [-85.288,37.53]}, {"state_post":"La.","state_postal":"LA","coordinates": ww => [-92.511,31.482]}, {"state_post":"Maine","state_postal":"ME","coordinates": ww => [-69.1,45.2],"hide": ww => ww <= 400}, {"state_post":"Mass.","state_postal":"MA","coordinates": ww => [-71.835,42.3],"hide": ww => ww <= 550}, {"state_post":"Minn.","state_postal":"MN","coordinates": ww => [-94.661,46.802]}, {"state_post":"Miss.","state_postal":"MS","coordinates": ww => [-89.671,32.762]}, {"state_post":"Mo.","state_postal":"MO","coordinates": ww => [-92.446,38.303]}, {"state_post":"Mont.","state_postal":"MT","coordinates": ww => [-109.638,47.032]}, {"state_post":"Mich.","state_postal":"MI","coordinates": ww => [-84.8,43.1]}, {"state_post":"Neb.","state_postal":"NE","coordinates": ww => [-99.685,41.5]}, {"state_post":"Nev.","state_postal":"NV","coordinates": ww => [-116.652,39.354]}, {"state_post":"N.H.","state_postal":"NH","coordinates": ww => [-71.578,43.2],"hide": ww => ww <= 550}, {"state_post":"N.M.","state_postal":"NM","coordinates": ww => [-106.11,34.422]}, {"state_post":"N.Y.","state_postal":"NY","coordinates": ww => [-75.031,42.9]}, {"state_post":"N.C.","state_postal":"NC","coordinates": ww => [-79.409,35.548]}, {"state_post":"N.D.","state_postal":"ND","coordinates": ww => [-100.302,47.467]}, {"state_post":"Ohio","state_postal":"OH","coordinates": ww => [-83.034,40.195]}, {"state_post":"Okla.","state_postal":"OK","coordinates": ww => [-97.511,35.588]}, {"state_post":"Ore.","state_postal":"OR","coordinates": ww => [-120.547,43.94]}, {"state_post":"Pa.","state_postal":"PA","coordinates": ww => [-77.801,40.875]}, {"state_post":"S.C.","state_postal":"SC","coordinates": ww => [-80.9,33.918]}, {"state_post":"S.D.","state_postal":"SD","coordinates": ww => [-100.234,44.439]}, {"state_post":"Tenn.","state_postal":"TN","coordinates": ww => [-86.342,35.847]}, {"state_post":"Tex.","state_postal":"TX","coordinates": ww => [-99.359,31.506]}, {"state_post":"Utah","state_postal":"UT","coordinates": ww => [-110.92,38.874]}, {"state_post":"Vt.","state_postal":"VT","coordinates": ww => [-72.665,44.5],"hide": ww => ww <= 550}, {"state_post":"Va.","state_postal":"VA","coordinates": ww => [-78.891,37.517]}, {"state_post":"Wash.","state_postal":"WA","coordinates": ww => [-120.421,47.375]}, {"state_post":"W.Va.","state_postal":"WV","coordinates": ww => [-80.611,38.647],"hide": ww => ww <= 400}, {"state_post":"Wis.","state_postal":"WI","coordinates": ww => [-90.027,44.638]}, {"state_post":"Wyo.","state_postal":"WY","coordinates": ww => [-107.552,43]}, // Small northeastern states { "state_post":"R.I.","state_postal":"RI","coordinates": ww => [-71.595,41.695], "hide": ww => ww <= 600, "leader": ww => { const y = ww <= 768 ? 10 : 18; return [[0,0],[0,y],[3,y]] }, "leaderAnchor": ww => "start", "leaderDx": ww => 2, "leaderDy": ww => 4 }, { "state_post":"Conn.","state_postal":"CT","coordinates": ww => [-72.728,41.624], "hide": ww => ww <= 600, "leader": ww => { const y = ww <= 650 ? 17 : ww <= 700 ? 18 : ww <= 768 ? 20 : ww <= 900 ? 25 : 30; return [[0,0],[0,y],[5,y]] }, "leaderAnchor": ww => "start", "leaderDx": ww => 2, "leaderDy": ww => 4 }, { "state_post":"N.J.","state_postal":"NJ","coordinates": ww => [-74.733,40], "hide": ww => ww <= 600, "leader": ww => [[0,0],[15,0]], "leaderAnchor": ww => "start", "leaderDx": ww => 2, "leaderDy": ww => 4 }, { "state_post":"Md.","state_postal":"MD","coordinates": ww => [-77.05,39.4], "hide": ww => ww <= 600, "leader": ww => { if (ww <= 768){ return [[0,0],[35,0]] } else { return undefined; } }, "leaderAnchor": ww => "start", "leaderDx": ww => 2, "leaderDy": ww => 4 }, { "state_post":"Del.","state_postal":"DE","coordinates": ww => [-75.416,38.826], "hide": ww => ww <= 600, "leader": ww => { if (ww <= 768) { return [[0,0],[0,10],[10,10]] } else { return [[0,0],[15,0]] } }, "leaderAnchor": ww => "start", "leaderDx": ww => 2, "leaderDy": ww => 4 }, { "state_post":"D.C.","state_postal":"DC","coordinates": ww => [-77.014,38.91], "hide": ww => ww <= 600, "leader": ww => { const x = ww <= 768 ? 25 : 35; const y = 20; return [[0,0],[0,y],[x,y]] }, "leaderAnchor": ww => "start", "leaderDx": ww => 2, "leaderDy": ww => 4 }, ]34:[{"id":"b06afe775ed2a94d038a7577b5b560adfee259b4edfc8cdf06a98703838d1553f356120ebc7c38139cd2e32a7eaed2ab60c1536a1f23bb444374c515e17b82fd","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/b06afe775ed2a94d038a7577b5b560adfee259b4edfc8cdf06a98703838d1553f356120ebc7c38139cd2e32a7eaed2ab60c1536a1f23bb444374c515e17b82fd","name":"GeothermalLCOE_NoExclusionsforAtlas.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1719433438653.771,"size":6890911},{"id":"907e198d07c968c377ad467c2b86c73b09983354dec0c6b89e5726ae4be340ab00db353c19a9565eed9166f17eea3c1d59c6141b154badc47e936067ed0e8591","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/907e198d07c968c377ad467c2b86c73b09983354dec0c6b89e5726ae4be340ab00db353c19a9565eed9166f17eea3c1d59c6141b154badc47e936067ed0e8591","name":"may_generator2024.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1719589732393.826,"size":8052857},{"id":"10cea286b1f61ed1ad5a6271ea1450d0e9a27d76345049b9c879a057e68b1e10a8aee73cdeaedb682c782d954a36521e6794292a0a19ab06a817f5291bf2109b","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/10cea286b1f61ed1ad5a6271ea1450d0e9a27d76345049b9c879a057e68b1e10a8aee73cdeaedb682c782d954a36521e6794292a0a19ab06a817f5291bf2109b","name":"ne_10m_conus_states.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1719433963090.209,"size":248358}] 2f:{"title":"Where geologic conditions are favorable for enhanced geothermal","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Where geologic conditions are favorable for enhanced geothermal","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":183,"value":"A version of this map appeared in [“How fracking could unlock a clean energy future,”](https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2024/fracking-geothermal-energy-plant-technology/) published in The Washington Post on July 18, 2024.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":189,"value":"Enhanced geothermal’s biggest constraint is how much heat can be found underground. The hottest rock is out West, according to [a recent government assessment](https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/LIFTOFF_DOE_NextGen_Geothermal_v14.pdf), but cooler rock formations could fuel power plants in Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and at least a dozen other states.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":266,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":195,"value":"map()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":204,"value":"

Note: Favorability data is available for contiguous United States. Areas colored in white on the map were not hot enough to be assessed for geothermal potential.

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":5,"value":"The data for geothermal resource availability comes from the [National Renewable Energy Laboratory](https://www.nrel.gov/gis/geothermal.html). The data on conventional geothermal plants if from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s [Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory](https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":300,"value":"toc({ selector: \"h2\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":199,"value":"## Graphics","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":32,"value":"$32","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":91,"value":"## Style","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":20,"value":"color = ['#be2c25', '#d2623b', '#e48e57', '#f3b97e', '#fde2c4']","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":224,"value":"css = `\n.inner, .outer {\n fill: none;\n stroke-linejoin: round;\n}\n\n.inner {\n stroke: #2a2a2a;\n stroke-width: 0.25px;\n}\n\n.outer {\n stroke: #2a2a2a;\n stroke-width: 0.5px;\n}\n\n.plant {\n fill: none;\n stroke: #2a2a2a;\n}\n.plant.plant-fervo {\n fill: #2a2a2a;\n stroke: #2a2a2a;\n}\n\n.anno polyline {\n stroke: #2a2a2a;\n}\n.anno text {\n fill: #2a2a2a;\n font-family: ${franklinLight};\n font-size: ${mapwidth <= 600 ? 14 : 16}px;\n font-weight: bold;\n paint-order: stroke fill;\n stroke-opacity: 0.5;\n stroke-width: 2px;\n stroke-linejoin: round;\n}\n\n.label polyline {\n fill: none;\n stroke: #808080;\n shape-rendering: crispEdges;\n}\n.label text {\n fill: #494949;\n font-family: ${franklinLight};\n font-size: ${mapwidth <= 480 ? 9 : mapwidth <= 768 ? 12 : 14}px;\n text-anchor: middle;\n}\n`","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":88,"value":"## Dimensions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":250,"value":"mapwidth = Math.min(960, width)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":27,"value":"mapheight = mapwidth * 0.631","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":263,"value":"r = mapwidth <= 480 ? 2 : 3","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":86,"value":"## Geo","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":25,"value":"projection = d3.geoAlbersUsa()\n .fitSize([mapwidth, mapheight], conusStatesOuter)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":30,"value":"path = d3.geoPath(projection)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":67,"value":"conusStatesInner = topojson.mesh(conusStatesTopo, conusStatesTopo.objects.ne_10m_conus_states, (a, b) => a !== b)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":46,"value":"conusStatesOuter = topojson.mesh(conusStatesTopo, conusStatesTopo.objects.ne_10m_conus_states, (a, b) => a === b)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":44,"value":"conusStatesTopo = FileAttachment(\"ne_10m_conus_states.json\").json()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":93,"value":"## Data","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":12,"value":"egsGeo = topojson.feature(egsTopo, egsTopo.objects.GeothermalLCOE_NoExclusionsforAtlas)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":7,"value":"egsTopo = FileAttachment(\"GeothermalLCOE_NoExclusionsforAtlas.json\").json()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":215,"value":"// Provided by Fervo Energy. Coordinates are approximate.\nfervoDatum = ({ longitude: -112.931248, latitude: 38.507148, flag: true })","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":146,"value":"plants = d3\n .groups(dataGeoOperatingConus, d => d.plant_name)\n .map(([plant_name, entries]) => {\n return {\n plant_name,\n // nameplate_capacity_mw: d3.sum(entries, d => d.nameplate_capacity_mw),\n longitude: entries[0].longitude,\n latitude: entries[0].latitude,\n // entries\n }\n })","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":217,"value":"// No need to have so many overlapping circles\nplantsData = {\n const minDistance = 1e-3;\n const plantsData = [];\n plants.forEach(p0 => {\n if (!plantsData.length) {\n plantsData.push(p0);\n }\n else {\n let remove = false;\n\n for (let i = 0, l = plantsData.length; i < l; i++) {\n const p1 = plantsData[i];\n if (d3.geoDistance([p0.longitude, p0.latitude], [p1.longitude, p1.latitude]) < minDistance) {\n remove = true;\n break;\n }\n }\n\n if (!remove) plantsData.push(p0);\n }\n\n });\n plantsData.push(fervoDatum)\n return plantsData\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":81,"value":"dataGeoOperatingConus = dataGenerators\n .filter(d => d.technology === \"Geothermal\")\n .filter(d => d.status === \"(OP) Operating\")\n .filter(d => ![\"AK\", \"HI\"].includes(d.plant_state))","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":79,"value":"dataGenerators = FileAttachment(\"may_generator2024.csv\").csv({ typed: true })","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":229,"value":"top = plantsData[d3.maxIndex(plantsData, d => d.latitude)]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":231,"value":"bot = plantsData[d3.minIndex(plantsData, d => d.latitude)]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":226,"value":"annoData = [\n {\n longitude: ww => ww <= 600 ? bot.longitude : top.longitude,\n latitude: ww => ww <= 600 ? bot.latitude : top.latitude,\n leaderAngle: ww => ww <= 600 ? 90 : -90,\n leaderLength: ww => ww <= 768 ? 15 : 20,\n textAnchor: ww => ww <= 600 ? \"end\" : \"middle\",\n textHtml: ww => ww <= 420 ? \"Conventionalgeothermalplants\" : `Conventionalgeothermal plants`,\n textX: ww => ww <= 600 ? 10 : 0,\n textY: ww => ww <= 600 ? 14 : -5,\n className: \"conventional\"\n },\n {\n longitude: ww => fervoDatum.longitude,\n latitude: ww => fervoDatum.latitude,\n leaderAngle: ww => 90,\n leaderLength: ww => ww <= 420 ? 10 : ww <= 768? 15 : 20,\n textAnchor: ww => \"middle\",\n textHtml: ww => \"Fervo’s plant\",\n textX: ww => 0,\n textY: ww => 14,\n className: \"fervo\"\n }\n]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":242,"value":"$33","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":119,"value":"## Imports","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":137,"value":"import { franklinLight } from \"@climatelab/fonts@46\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":133,"value":"import { toc } from \"@climatelab/toc@45\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":234,"value":"geometric = require(\"geometric@2\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W34","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}