31:T1255,# Geotechnical Exchange Format (GEF) CPT Documentation for [bedrock.engineer](https://Bedrock.engineer/)

View GEF files in your browser at [gef.bedrock.engineer](https://gef.bedrock.engineer)

GEF-CPT-Report is a standardized data exchange format for Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data, primarily used in the Netherlands and Belgium. It was created in 1999 to solve interoperability problems in Dutch geotechnical practice. It succeeded as an exchange format by replacing proprietary formats. Although no longer maintained and considered technically outdated by modern geotechnical data standards, it remains in use due to extensive legacy data. ## Technical Obsolescence GEF-CPT is architecturally primitive by modern data exchange standards. * Its text-based, single-file structure lacks proper data typing, schema validation, or extensibility mechanisms that XML and JSON provide. * The format has no timezone information for timestamps, forcing assumptions about Central European Time. * Coordinate systems are handled through a lookup table rather than proper spatial reference definitions. * The comma-separated value structure is fragile and prone to parsing errors. * Column definitions mix metadata with data positioning in ways that violate separation of concerns. * It cannot represent hierarchical relationships or complex data structures that modern multi-sensor CPT equipment generates, forcing workarounds like separate dissipation test files linked through filename references rather than proper relational data modeling. * One file can only represent a single cone penetration test. ### Outdated Standards Developed in the 1990s, the GEF-CPT spec references standards superseded by modern ISO equivalents. * Soil classification references NEN 5104 (1989), replaced by ISO 14688-2 (2004) * CPT procedures reference NEN 5140 (1996), replaced by ISO 22476-1 (2012) This creates a significant gap between current industry capabilities and the format’s design assumptions. ## Current Status and Future The Dutch Basis Registratie Ondergrond (BRO) program mandates a transition to XML-based data formats to ensure interoperability and modern regulatory compliance: * Since 2018, data submission in BRO-XML format is required. * By July 1, 2025, governmental data holders must convert historical GEF-CPT data to BRO-XML. * A grace period extends until 2030 for full historical migration. The new BRO laws make geotechnical data in GEF-CPT a "compliance liability". ### Different Needs Different institutional needs drive format preferences. This quote summarizes the situation > *“De resultaten van sonderingen, boringen en monsters worden op de dag na het onderzoek uitgewerkt, waarna de klant de rapportage ontvangt in een xml- of gef-file. “De xml-file is geschikt voor landelijke databases zoals BRO”*, vertelt Van der Burg. *“De gef-file sluit aan op de rekenprogramma’s.”* [Geotechnisch onderzoek in steden, op velden en wegen](https://gww-bouw.nl/specials/jaarboek/geotechnisch-onderzoek-in-steden-op-velden-en-wegen/) BRO requires XML because regulatory databases need structured data adhering to current standards for archival integrity and legal compliance. GEF persists because engineering calculation software, like [D-Foundations](https://www.deltares.nl/en/software-and-data/products/d-foundations), support it. As far as I know, no engineering software can read BRO's complex XML structure. For most engineers, the priority is cone resistance data for analysis, not metadata for compliance IMBRO/XML serves institutional governance; GEF serves practical computation because it enjoys wide support, thus enjoying 'legacy format lock-in'. ## GEF 1.1.3 (Retrofit for BRO compatibility) Version 1.1.3 was developed specifically for BRO compatibility by extending version 1.1.2 (2006) with additional `#MEASUREMENTTEXT` fields (101-128) to bridge legacy data formats with modern regulatory requirements. This extension was developed independently of Deltares and represents the final evolution of the GEF-CPT format before IMBRO/XML superseded it. Information on GEF 1.1.3 is rather hard to find and I have yet to find a full 'official' spec for it. The best I've found so far is [CPTdata.nl GEF1.1.3 Release notes](https://www.cptdata.nl/downloads/gef113Releasenotes.pdf). [This official standard](https://www.nen.nl/media/PDFjes/Background_report_NPR-9998_for_liquefaction_in_webtool_2018-08.pdf) refers to the VOTB website for the GEF1.1.3 reference but I can't find it there.32:T18ed,keywords = [ { keyword: "#GEFID", description: "GEF release number", example: "#GEFID = 1,1,0", category: "file_structure", dataType: "version", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { keyword: "#REPORTCODE", description: "Report type and version", example: "#REPORTCODE = GEF-CPT-Report,1,1,0", category: "file_structure", dataType: "text", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { keyword: "#COLUMN", description: "Number of columns in data block", example: "#COLUMN = 5", category: "data_structure", dataType: "number", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { keyword: "#COLUMNINFO", description: "Column definition (number, unit, description, quantity)", example: "#COLUMNINFO = 1, m, penetration length, 1", category: "data_structure", dataType: "multi_value", multiplicity: "multiple", indexPattern: "column_number", required: true }, { keyword: "#DATAFORMAT", description: "Data format specification", example: "#DATAFORMAT = ASCII", category: "data_structure", dataType: "text", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { keyword: "#LASTSCAN", description: "Number of data rows", example: "#LASTSCAN = 1500", category: "data_structure", dataType: "number", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { keyword: "#EOH", description: "End of header marker", example: "#EOH", category: "file_structure", dataType: "marker", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { keyword: "#COMPANYID", description: "Executing company information", example: "#COMPANYID = ABC Geo, NL, 12345", category: "metadata", dataType: "multi_value", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#STARTDATE", description: "Test execution date", example: "#STARTDATE = 2024, 3, 10", category: "test_info", dataType: "date", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#STARTTIME", description: "Test start time", example: "#STARTTIME = 9, 30, 0", category: "test_info", dataType: "time", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#PROJECTID", description: "Project order number", example: "#PROJECTID = PRJ-2024-001", category: "project", dataType: "text", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#TESTID", description: "Test identification number", example: "#TESTID = CPT-001", category: "test_info", dataType: "text", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#XYID", description: "Coordinate system and position", example: "#XYID = 31000, 125000, 450000, 0.1, 0.1", category: "coordinates", dataType: "coordinate", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#ZID", description: "Height system and elevation", example: "#ZID = 31000, 5.25, 0.02", category: "coordinates", dataType: "coordinate", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#COLUMNMINMAX", description: "Min/max values per column", example: "#COLUMNMINMAX = 1, 0.0, 15.5", category: "data_validation", dataType: "range", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", indexPattern: "column_number", required: false }, { keyword: "#COLUMNVOID", description: "No-data value definition", example: "#COLUMNVOID = 1, -999.99", category: "data_validation", dataType: "number", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", indexPattern: "column_number", required: false }, { keyword: "#COLUMNSEPARATOR", description: "Character dividing columns", example: "#COLUMNSEPARATOR = ,", category: "data_structure", dataType: "character", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#RECORDSEPARATOR", description: "Symbol at end of measurement scan", example: "#RECORDSEPARATOR = ;", category: "data_structure", dataType: "character", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#COLUMNTEXT", description: "Text column on/off setting", example: "#COLUMNTEXT = 1, 1", category: "data_structure", dataType: "multi_value", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", indexPattern: "column_number", required: false }, { keyword: "#REPORTDATAFORMAT", description: "Print format per column (FORTRAN style)", example: "#REPORTDATAFORMAT = F8.2F8.2F6.1", category: "data_structure", dataType: "format_string", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false }, { keyword: "#MEASUREMENTTEXT", description: "Indexed text information", example: "#MEASUREMENTTEXT = 1, ABC Engineering", category: "descriptive", dataType: "text", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "indexed_keywords", indexPattern: "predefined_id", required: false }, { keyword: "#MEASUREMENTVAR", description: "Indexed numeric measurements", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR = 1, 1000, mm2, Cone tip area", category: "descriptive", dataType: "multi_value", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "indexed_keywords", indexPattern: "predefined_id", required: false }, { keyword: "#SPECIMENVAR", description: "Specimen/sample information", example: "#SPECIMENVAR = 1, 2.5, m, Clay sample", category: "samples", dataType: "multi_value", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "list_like_data", indexPattern: "sequential_number" }, { keyword: "#FILEDATE", description: "File creation date", example: "#FILEDATE = 2024, 3, 15", category: "metadata", dataType: "date", multiplicity: "single", multiplicityType: "file_level", required: false } ]33:T2049,measurementVariables = [ { id: 1, defaultValue: 1000, unit: "mm²", description: "Nominal surface area of cone tip", category: "equipment", dataType: "float" }, { id: 2, defaultValue: 15000, unit: "mm²", description: "Nominal surface area of friction sleeve", category: "equipment", dataType: "float" }, { id: 3, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Net surface area quotient of cone tip", category: "equipment", dataType: "float" }, { id: 4, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Net surface area quotient of friction sleeve", category: "equipment", dataType: "float" }, { id: 5, defaultValue: 100, unit: "mm", description: "Distance of cone to centre of friction sleeve", category: "equipment", dataType: "float" }, { id: 6, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Friction present", category: "capabilities", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "no" }, { value: 1, meaning: "yes" } ] }, { id: 7, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "PPT u1 present", category: "capabilities", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "no" }, { value: 1, meaning: "yes" } ] }, { id: 8, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "PPT u2 present", category: "capabilities", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "no" }, { value: 1, meaning: "yes" } ] }, { id: 9, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "PPT u3 present", category: "capabilities", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "no" }, { value: 1, meaning: "yes" } ] }, { id: 10, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Inclination measurement present", category: "capabilities", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "no" }, { value: 1, meaning: "yes" } ] }, { id: 11, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Use of back-flow compensator", category: "equipment", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "no" }, { value: 1, meaning: "yes" } ] }, { id: 12, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Type of cone penetration test", category: "test_type", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "electronic penetration test" }, { value: 1, meaning: "mechanical discontinue" }, { value: 2, meaning: "mechanical continue" } ] }, { id: 13, defaultValue: null, unit: "m", description: "Pre-excavated depth", category: "site_conditions", dataType: "float" }, { id: 14, defaultValue: null, unit: "m", description: "Groundwater level (with respect to datum of height system in ZID)", category: "site_conditions", dataType: "float" }, { id: 15, defaultValue: null, unit: "m", description: "Water depth (for offshore activities)", category: "site_conditions", dataType: "float" }, { id: 16, defaultValue: null, unit: "m", description: "End depth of penetration test", category: "test_execution", dataType: "float" }, { id: 17, defaultValue: null, unit: "-", description: "Stop criteria", category: "test_execution", dataType: "enum", options: [ { value: 0, meaning: "end depth reached" }, { value: 1, meaning: "max. penetration force" }, { value: 2, meaning: "cone value" }, { value: 3, meaning: "max. friction value" }, { value: 4, meaning: "max. PPT value" }, { value: 5, meaning: "max. inclination value" }, { value: 6, meaning: "obstacle" }, { value: 7, meaning: "danger of buckling" } ] }, { id: 18, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 19, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 20, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement of cone before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 21, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement of cone after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 22, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement friction before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 23, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement friction after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 24, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement PPT u1 before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 25, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement PPT u1 after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 26, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement PPT u2 before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 27, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement PPT u2 after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 28, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement PPT u3 before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 29, defaultValue: null, unit: "MPa", description: "Zero measurement PPT u3 after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 30, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Zero measurement inclination before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 31, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Zero measurement inclination after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 32, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Zero measurement inclination NS before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 33, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Zero measurement inclination NS after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 34, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Zero measurement inclination EW before penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 35, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Zero measurement inclination EW after penetration test", category: "calibration", dataType: "float" }, { id: 36, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 37, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 38, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 39, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 40, defaultValue: null, unit: null, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", dataType: null }, { id: 41, defaultValue: null, unit: "km", description: "Mileage", category: "location", dataType: "float" }, { id: 42, defaultValue: null, unit: "degrees", description: "Orientation between X axis inclination and North", category: "location", dataType: "float" } ]34:Tb09,broMeasurementVar = [ { id: 101, unit: "m", description: "Sondeertrajectlengte", dataType: "number" }, { id: 102, unit: "m", description: "Diepte", dataType: "number" }, { id: 103, unit: "s", description: "Verlopen tijd", dataType: "number" }, { id: 104, unit: "MPa", description: "Conusweerstand", dataType: "number" }, { id: 105, unit: "MPa", description: "Gecorrigeerde conusweerstand", dataType: "number" }, { id: 106, unit: "MPa", description: "Netto conusweerstand", dataType: "number" }, { id: 107, unit: "nT", description: "Magnetische veldsterkte x", dataType: "number" }, { id: 108, unit: "nT", description: "Magnetische veldsterkte y", dataType: "number" }, { id: 109, unit: "nT", description: "Magnetische veldsterkte z", dataType: "number" }, { id: 110, unit: "nT", description: "Totale magnetische veldsterkte", dataType: "number" }, { id: 111, unit: "S / m", description: "Electrische geleidbaarheid", dataType: "number" }, { id: 112, unit: "degrees", description: "Helling oost-west", dataType: "number" }, { id: 113, unit: "degrees", description: "Helling noord-zuid", dataType: "number" }, { id: 114, unit: "Degrees", description: "helling x", dataType: "number" }, { id: 115, unit: "Degrees", description: "helling y", dataType: "number" }, { id: 116, unit: "Degrees", description: "hellingresultante", dataType: "number" }, { id: 117, unit: "Degrees", description: "magnetische inclinatie", dataType: "number" }, { id: 118, unit: "Degrees", description: "magnetische declinatie", dataType: "number" }, { id: 119, unit: "MPa", description: "Plaatselijke wrijving", dataType: "number" }, { id: 120, unit: "-", description: "Porienratio", dataType: "number" }, { id: 121, unit: "degrees C", description: "Temperatuur", dataType: "number" }, { id: 122, unit: "MPa", description: "Waterspanning u1", dataType: "number" }, { id: 123, unit: "MPa", description: "Waterspanning u2", dataType: "number" }, { id: 124, unit: "BRO", description: "Wrijvingsgetal", dataType: "number" }, { id: 125, unit: "-", description: "Voor toekomstig gebruik", dataType: "-" }, { id: 126, unit: "-", description: "Voor toekomstig gebruik", dataType: "-" }, { id: 127, unit: "-", description: "Voor toekomstig gebruik", dataType: "-" }, { id: 128, unit: "-", description: "Voor toekomstig gebruik", dataType: "-" }, { id: 129, unit: "-", description: "Voor toekomstig gebruik", dataType: "-" }, { id: 130, unit: "MPa", description: "mm conusdiameter voor test", dataType: "number" } ]35:T391f,dovMeasurementVariables = [ { id: 155, description: "Nulpunt Qt voor de meting", dataType: "number" }, { id: 156, description: "Nulpunt Qt na de meting", dataType: "number" }, { id: 130, description: "Indringing" }, { id: 131, description: "Dichtvallen sondeergat op", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 132, description: "Diepte plaatsen kleefvanger", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 133, description: "Diepte plaatsen verlengbuis", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 134, description: "Aantal buizen", dataType: "number" }, { id: 135, description: "Gemeten sondeerlengte", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 138, description: "Totale drukkracht bij einde sondering", dataType: "number" }, { id: 139, description: "conus penetrometer klasse (verplicht veld bij norm: NBN EN ISO 22476-1:2023)" }, { id: 140, description: "kalibratie data: Maximum toelaatbare: meetonzekerheid qc", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa" }, { id: 141, description: "kalibratie data: Stabiliteit omgevingstemperatuur qc", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/°C" }, { id: 142, description: "kalibratie data: Fluctuerende temperatuur stabiliteit qc", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/°C" }, { id: 143, description: "kalibratie data: Invloed conusbelasting qc", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/N" }, { id: 144, description: "kalibratie data: Maximum toelaatbare: meetonzekerheid fs", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa" }, { id: 145, description: "kalibratie data: Stabiliteit omgevingstemperatuur fs", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/°C" }, { id: 146, description: "kalibratie data: Fluctuerende temperatuur stabiliteit fs", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/°C" }, { id: 147, description: "kalibratie data: Invloed conusbelasting fs", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/N" }, { id: 148, description: "kalibratie data: maximum toelaatbare: meetonzekerheid u", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa" }, { id: 149, description: "kalibratie data: Stabiliteit omgevingstemperatuur u", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/°C" }, { id: 150, description: "kalibratie data: Fluctuerende temperatuur stabiliteit u", dataType: "number", unit: "kPa/°C" }, { id: 151, description: "kalibratie data: Invloed conusbelasting u", unit: "kPa/N", dataType: "number" }, { id: 157, description: "Nulpunt T voor de meting", dataType: "number" }, { id: 158, description: "Nulpunt T na de meting", dataType: "number" }, { id: 200, description: "voerbuis1 tot", unit: "m", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR 200,12.2,m,voerbuis1 op", dataType: "number" }, { id: 201, description: "voerbuis1 op", unit: "m", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR 201,10.2,m,voerbuis1 tot", dataType: "number" }, { id: 202, description: "voerbuis2 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 203, description: "voerbuis2 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 204, description: "voerbuis3 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 205, description: "voerbuis3 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 206, description: "voerbuis4 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 207, description: "voerbuis4 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 208, description: "voerbuis5 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 209, description: "voerbuis5 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 210, description: "voerbuis6 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 211, description: "voerbuis6 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 212, description: "voerbuis7 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 213, description: "voerbuis7 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 214, description: "voerbuis8 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 215, description: "voerbuis8 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 216, description: "voerbuis9 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 217, description: "voerbuis9 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 218, description: "voerbuis10 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 219, description: "voerbuis10 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 220, description: "voerbuis11 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 221, description: "voerbuis11 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 222, description: "voerbuis12 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 223, description: "voerbuis12 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 224, description: "voerbuis13 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 225, description: "voerbuis13 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 226, description: "voerbuis14 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 227, description: "voerbuis14 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 228, description: "voerbuis15 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 229, description: "voerbuis15 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 230, description: "voerbuis16 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 231, description: "voerbuis16 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 232, description: "voerbuis17 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 233, description: "voerbuis17 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 234, description: "voerbuis18 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 235, description: "voerbuis18 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 236, description: "voerbuis19 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 237, description: "voerbuis19 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 238, description: "voerbuis20 tot", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 239, description: "voerbuis20 op", unit: "m", dataType: "number" }, { id: 250, dataType: "number", description: "boring0 van", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR 250,14.2,m,boring1 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 251, dataType: "number", description: "boring0 tot", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR 251,16.2,m,boring1 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 252, dataType: "number", description: "boring1 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 253, dataType: "number", description: "boring1 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 254, dataType: "number", description: "boring2 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 255, dataType: "number", description: "boring2 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 256, dataType: "number", description: "boring3 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 257, dataType: "number", description: "boring3 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 258, dataType: "number", description: "boring4 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 259, dataType: "number", description: "boring4 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 260, dataType: "number", description: "boring5 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 261, dataType: "number", description: "boring5 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 262, dataType: "number", description: "boring6 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 263, dataType: "number", description: "boring6 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 264, dataType: "number", description: "boring7 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 265, dataType: "number", description: "boring7 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 266, dataType: "number", description: "boring8 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 267, dataType: "number", description: "boring8 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 268, dataType: "number", description: "boring9 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 269, dataType: "number", description: "boring9 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 270, dataType: "number", description: "boring10 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 271, dataType: "number", description: "boring10 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 272, dataType: "number", description: "boring11 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 273, dataType: "number", description: "boring11 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 274, dataType: "number", description: "boring12 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 275, dataType: "number", description: "boring12 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 276, dataType: "number", description: "boring13 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 277, dataType: "number", description: "boring13 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 278, dataType: "number", description: "boring14 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 279, dataType: "number", description: "boring14 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 280, dataType: "number", description: "boring15 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 281, dataType: "number", description: "boring15 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 282, dataType: "number", description: "boring16 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 283, dataType: "number", description: "boring16 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 284, dataType: "number", description: "boring17 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 285, dataType: "number", description: "boring17 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 286, dataType: "number", description: "boring18 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 287, dataType: "number", description: "boring18 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 288, dataType: "number", description: "boring19 van", unit: "m" }, { id: 289, dataType: "number", description: "boring19 tot", unit: "m" }, { id: 300, description: "optrekking1", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 301, description: "optrekking2", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 302, description: "optrekking3", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 303, description: "optrekking4", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 304, description: "optrekking5", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 305, description: "optrekking6", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 306, description: "optrekking7", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 307, description: "optrekking8", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 308, description: "optrekking9", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 309, description: "optrekking10", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 310, description: "optrekking11", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 311, description: "optrekking12", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 312, description: "optrekking13", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 313, description: "optrekking14", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 314, description: "optrekking15", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 315, description: "optrekking16", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 316, description: "optrekking17", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 317, description: "optrekking18", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 318, description: "optrekking19", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 319, description: "optrekking20", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 320, description: "optrekking21", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 321, description: "optrekking22", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 322, description: "optrekking23", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 323, description: "optrekking24", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 324, description: "optrekking25", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 325, description: "optrekking26", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 326, description: "optrekking27", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 327, description: "optrekking28", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 328, description: "optrekking29", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 329, description: "optrekking30", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 330, description: "optrekking31", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 331, description: "optrekking32", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 332, description: "optrekking33", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 333, description: "optrekking34", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 334, description: "optrekking35", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 335, description: "optrekking36", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 336, description: "optrekking37", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 337, description: "optrekking38", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 338, description: "optrekking39", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 339, description: "optrekking40", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 340, description: "optrekking41", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 341, description: "optrekking42", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 342, description: "optrekking43", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 343, description: "optrekking44", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 344, description: "optrekking45", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 345, description: "optrekking46", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 346, description: "optrekking47", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 347, description: "optrekking48", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 348, description: "optrekking49", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 349, description: "optrekking50", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 350, description: "stopzetting1", unit: "m", dataType: "number", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR = 350, 18.7, m, stopzetting op 18.7m depth" }, { id: 351, description: "stopzetting2", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 352, description: "stopzetting3", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 353, description: "stopzetting4", dataType: "number", unit: "m" }, { id: 354, description: "stopzetting5", dataType: "number", unit: "m" } ]36:T1f02,measurementTextVariables = [ { id: 1, description: "Client", category: "project_info", example: "ABC Engineering Company" }, { id: 2, description: "Name of the project", category: "project_info", example: "Highway A1 Extension" }, { id: 3, description: "Name of the location", category: "project_info", example: "Rotterdam Port Area" }, { id: 4, description: "Cone type and serial number", category: "equipment", example: "Fugro Type A, Serial 12345" }, { id: 5, description: "Mass and geometry of probe apparatus, including anchoring", category: "equipment", example: "Mass: 2500kg, Length: 15m, Anchoring: hydraulic" }, { id: 6, description: "Applied standard, including class", category: "standards", example: "NEN 5140 Class 1, NEN 3680" }, { id: 7, description: "Own coordinate system", category: "coordinates", example: "Local site grid, origin at building corner" }, { id: 8, description: "Own reference level", category: "coordinates", example: "Site datum +5.00m above MSL" }, { id: 9, description: "Fixed horizontal level (usually: ground level or flow bed)", category: "coordinates", example: "+2.35m NAP" }, { id: 10, description: "Orientation direction biaxial inclination measurement (N-direction)", category: "measurements", example: "North = 0°, magnetic declination +2°" }, { id: 11, description: "Unusual circumstances", category: "conditions", example: "Heavy rain during test, vibrations from nearby construction" }, { id: 12, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 13, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 14, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 15, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 16, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 17, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 18, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 19, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 20, description: "Correction method for zero drift", category: "processing", example: "Linear interpolation between pre/post zero measurements" }, { id: 21, description: "Method for processing interruptions", category: "processing", example: "Data gap filled using adjacent measurements" }, { id: 22, description: "Remarks", category: "general", example: "Test performed according to project specifications" }, { id: 23, description: "Remarks", category: "general", example: "Groundwater encountered at 3.2m depth" }, { id: 24, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 25, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 26, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 27, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 28, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 29, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 30, description: "Calculation formula or reference for column number", category: "calculations", example: "Friction ratio = (fs/qc) × 100%" }, { id: 31, description: "Calculation formula or reference for column number", category: "calculations", example: "Corrected cone resistance = qc + u2(1-a)" }, { id: 32, description: "Calculation formula or reference for column number", category: "calculations", example: "Net cone resistance = qc - σvo" }, { id: 33, description: "Calculation formula or reference for column number", category: "calculations", example: "Pore pressure ratio = (u2 - u0) / (qc - σvo)" }, { id: 34, description: "Calculation formula or reference for column number", category: "calculations", example: "Soil behavior type index = sqrt((3.47-log10(Qt))^2 + (log10(Fr)+1.22)^2)" }, { id: 35, description: "Calculation formula or reference for column number", category: "calculations", example: "Normalized cone resistance = (qc - σvo) / σ'vo" }, { id: 36, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 37, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 38, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 39, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 40, description: "Reserved for future use", category: "reserved", example: null }, { id: 41, description: "Highway, railway or dike code", category: "infrastructure", example: "Railway line A16, km 23.4" }, { id: 42, description: "Method for determination of ZID (height)", category: "coordinates", example: "MMET (Measured, surveying)", standardizedCodes: [ { code: "MMET", description: "Measured, surveying" }, { code: "MDGP", description: "Measured, differential GPS" }, { code: "MGOV", description: "Measured, other methods" }, { code: "MH10", description: "Estimated, contour map 1:10.000" }, { code: "MT25", description: "Estimated, Topographic map 1:25.000" }, { code: "MT50", description: "Estimated, Topographic map 1:50.000" }, { code: "MAHN", description: "Estimated, 'Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland'" }, { code: "MSOV", description: "Estimated, other methods" }, { code: "MONB", description: "Estimated, unknown method" }, { code: "MFIC", description: "Fictive value" } ] }, { id: 43, description: "Method for determination of XYID (position)", category: "coordinates", example: "LMET (Measured, surveying)", standardizedCodes: [ { code: "LMET", description: "Measured, surveying" }, { code: "LGPS", description: "Measured, GPS" }, { code: "LDGM", description: "Measured, diff. GPS, > 5 m" }, { code: "LDGN", description: "Measured, diff. GPS, between 1 and 5 m" }, { code: "LDGZ", description: "Measured, diff. GPS, < 1m" }, { code: "LGOV", description: "Measured, other methods" }, { code: "LT10", description: "Estimated, Topographic map 1:10.000" }, { code: "LT25", description: "Estimated, Topographic map 1:25.000" }, { code: "LT50", description: "Estimated, Topographic map 1:50.000" }, { code: "LD01", description: "Estimated, detailed map 1:100" }, { code: "LD02", description: "Estimated, detailed map 1:200" }, { code: "LD05", description: "Estimated, detailed map 1:500" }, { code: "LD10", description: "Estimated, detailed map 1:1000" }, { code: "LD25", description: "Estimated, detailed map 1:2500" }, { code: "LSOV", description: "Estimated, other methods" }, { code: "LONB", description: "Estimated, method unknown" } ] }, { id: 44, description: "Orientation of X axis of inclination measurement", category: "measurements", example: "X-axis aligned with magnetic north" } ]37:T99b,broMeasurementText = [ { id: 101, description: "Data holder (bronhouder)" }, { id: 102, description: "Delivery framework (kader aanlevering)" }, { id: 103, description: "Investigation purpose (kader inwinning)" }, { id: 104, description: "Location surveyor (uitvoerder locatiebepaling)" }, { id: 105, description: "Location determination date (datum locatiebepaling)" }, { id: 106, description: "Elevation surveyor (uitvoerder verticale positiebepaling)" }, { id: 107, description: "Elevation determination date (datum verticale positiebepaling)" }, { id: 108, description: "Surface conditions (hoedanigheid oppervlakte)" }, { id: 109, description: "Dissipation test performed (dissipatietest uitgevoerd)" }, { id: 110, description: "Expert correction performed (expertcorrectie uitgevoerd)" }, { id: 111, description: "Additional investigation performed (aanvullend onderzoek uitgevoerd)" }, { id: 112, description: "Reporting date (rapportagedatum onderzoek)" }, { id: 113, description: "Last processing date (datum laatste bewerking)" }, { id: 114, description: "Investigation date (datum onderzoek)" }, { id: 115, description: "Quality regime (kwaliteitsregime)" }, { id: 116, description: "Registration timestamp (tijdstip registratie object)" }, { id: 117, description: "Registration status (registratiestatus)" }, { id: 118, description: "Registration completion timestamp (tijdstip voltooiing registratie)" }, { id: 119, description: "Corrected indicator (gecorrigeerd)" }, { id: 120, description: "Last correction timestamp (tijdstip laatste correctie)" }, { id: 121, description: "Under investigation (in onderzoek)" }, { id: 122, description: "Under investigation since (in onderzoek sinds)" }, { id: 123, description: "Removed from registration (uit registratie genomen)" }, { id: 124, description: "Removal timestamp (tijdstip uit registratie genomen)" }, { id: 125, description: "Re-registered (weer in registratie genomen)" }, { id: 126, description: "Re-registration timestamp (tijdstip weer in registratie genomen)" }, { id: 127, description: "Standardized location reference system (gestandaardiseerde locatie referentiestelsel)" }, { id: 128, description: "Coordinate transformation (coördinaattransformatie)" } ]38:T753,coordinateSystems = [ { code: "00000", name: "Own coordinate system", type: "Custom", country: "International", description: "User-defined local coordinate system", reference: "See MEASUREMENTTEXT = 7" }, { code: "00001", name: "Geographic Coordinate System", type: "Geographic", country: "International", description: "Latitude/longitude coordinates", reference: "WGS84 or similar" }, { code: "01000", name: "SPCS", type: "Cartesian", country: "USA", description: "State Plane Coordinate System", reference: "Various state-specific projections" }, { code: "31000", name: "RD (Rijksdriehoekstelsel)", type: "Cartesian", country: "Netherlands", description: "Dutch national coordinate system", reference: "Stereographic projection, RD1918 datum" }, { code: "31001", name: "UTM-3N", type: "Cartesian", country: "Europe", description: "Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 3N", reference: "ED50 datum, 3°E central meridian" }, { code: "31002", name: "UTM-9N", type: "Cartesian", country: "Europe", description: "Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 9N", reference: "ED50 datum, 9°E central meridian" }, { code: "32000", name: "Belgian Bessel", type: "Geographic", country: "Belgium", description: "Belgian coordinate system", reference: "BD72 datum, Belgian Lambert projection" }, { code: "32001", name: "TAW", type: "Cartesian", country: "Belgium", description: "Belgian coordinate system variant", reference: "Tweede Algemene Waterpassing" }, { code: "49000", name: "Gauss-Krüger", type: "Cartesian", country: "Germany", description: "German coordinate system", reference: "Potsdam datum, Transversal Mercator projection" } ]39:T45e,gefHeightSystems = [ { code: "00000", name: "Own reference level", country: "International", description: "User-defined local height reference", reference: "See MEASUREMENTTEXT = 8" }, { code: "00001", name: "Low Low Water Spring", country: "International", description: "Lowest astronomical tide level", reference: "Maritime reference level" }, { code: "31000", name: "NAP (Normaal Amsterdams Peil)", country: "Netherlands", description: "Dutch national height reference", reference: "Amsterdam Ordnance Datum" }, { code: "32000", name: "Ostend Level", country: "Belgium", description: "Belgian height reference", reference: "Mean sea level at Ostend" }, { code: "32001", name: "TAW (Tweede Algemene Waterpassing)", country: "Belgium", description: "Belgian height reference system", reference: "Second General Levelling" }, { code: "49000", name: "Normal Null (NN)", country: "Germany", description: "German height reference", reference: "German national height datum" } ]3a:T1ae3,columnQuantities = [ { id: 1, name: "Penetration length", unit: "m", description: "Depth of cone tip below fixed horizontal surface", required: true, category: "primary", symbol: null }, { id: 2, name: "Measured cone resistance", unit: "MPa", description: "Direct cone tip resistance measurement", required: true, category: "primary", symbol: "qc" }, { id: 3, name: "Friction resistance", unit: "MPa", description: "Sleeve friction measurement", required: false, category: "friction", symbol: null }, { id: 4, name: "Friction number", unit: "%", description: "Friction ratio percentage", required: false, category: "friction", symbol: null }, { id: 5, name: "Pore pressure u1", unit: "MPa", description: "Pore pressure at cone tip", required: false, category: "pore_pressure", symbol: "u1" }, { id: 6, name: "Pore pressure u2", unit: "MPa", description: "Pore pressure at cone shoulder", required: false, category: "pore_pressure", symbol: "u2" }, { id: 7, name: "Pore pressure u3", unit: "MPa", description: "Pore pressure at friction sleeve", required: false, category: "pore_pressure", symbol: "u3" }, { id: 8, name: "Inclination (resultant)", unit: "degrees", description: "Total inclination from vertical", required: false, category: "inclination", symbol: null }, { id: 9, name: "Inclination N-S", unit: "degrees", description: "North-South inclination component", required: false, category: "inclination", symbol: null }, { id: 10, name: "Inclination E-W", unit: "degrees", description: "East-West inclination component", required: false, category: "inclination", symbol: null }, { id: 11, name: "Corrected depth", unit: "m", description: "Corrected depth below fixed horizontal surface", required: false, category: "calculated", symbol: null }, { id: 12, name: "Time", unit: "s", description: "Time of measurement", required: false, category: "measurement_info", symbol: null }, { id: 13, name: "Corrected cone resistance", unit: "MPa", description: "Cone resistance corrected for pore pressure effects", required: false, category: "calculated", symbol: "qt" }, { id: 14, name: "Net cone resistance", unit: "MPa", description: "Net cone resistance", required: false, category: "calculated", symbol: "qn" }, { id: 15, name: "Pore ratio", unit: "-", description: "Pore pressure ratio", required: false, category: "calculated", symbol: "Bq" }, { id: 16, name: "Cone resistance number", unit: "-", description: "Normalized cone resistance", required: false, category: "calculated", symbol: "Nm" }, { id: 17, name: "Weight per unit volume", unit: "kN/m³", description: "Unit weight of soil", required: false, category: "soil_properties", symbol: "γ" }, { id: 18, name: "In-situ initial pore pressure", unit: "MPa", description: "Initial pore water pressure", required: false, category: "soil_properties", symbol: "u0" }, { id: 19, name: "Total vertical soil pressure", unit: "MPa", description: "Total overburden stress", required: false, category: "soil_properties", symbol: "σv0" }, { id: 20, name: "Effective vertical soil pressure", unit: "MPa", description: "Effective overburden stress", required: false, category: "soil_properties", symbol: "σ'v0" }, { id: 21, name: "Inclination in X direction", unit: "degrees", description: "X-direction inclination component", required: false, category: "inclination", symbol: null }, { id: 22, name: "Inclination in Y direction", unit: "degrees", description: "Y-direction inclination component", required: false, category: "inclination", symbol: null }, { id: 23, name: "Electric conductivity", unit: "S/m", description: "Electrical conductivity measurement", required: false, category: "additional_measurements", symbol: null }, { id: 24, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 25, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 26, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 27, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 28, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 29, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 30, name: "Reserved for future use", unit: null, description: "Reserved slot", required: false, category: "reserved", symbol: null }, { id: 31, name: "Magnetic field strength Bx", unit: "nT", description: "Magnetic field strength in X direction", required: false, category: "magnetic_measurements", symbol: "Bx" }, { id: 32, name: "Magnetic field strength By", unit: "nT", description: "Magnetic field strength in Y direction", required: false, category: "magnetic_measurements", symbol: "By" }, { id: 33, name: "Magnetic field strength Bz", unit: "nT", description: "Magnetic field strength in Z direction", required: false, category: "magnetic_measurements", symbol: "Bz" }, { id: 34, name: "Total magnetic field strength", unit: "nT", description: "Total magnetic field strength", required: false, category: "magnetic_measurements", symbol: "Btot" }, { id: 35, name: "Magnetic inclination", unit: "degrees", description: "Magnetic field inclination angle", required: false, category: "magnetic_measurements", symbol: null }, { id: 36, name: "Magnetic declination", unit: "degrees", description: "Magnetic field declination angle", required: false, category: "magnetic_measurements", symbol: null } ]3b:T810,drawTree = (hierarchyNode, nodeSize = 16) => { const format = d3.format(","); const root = hierarchyNode.eachBefore( ( (i) => (d) => (d.index = i++) )(0) ); const nodes = root.descendants(); const width = 928; const height = (nodes.length + 1) * nodeSize; const svg = d3 .create("svg") .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height) .attr("viewBox", [-nodeSize / 2, (-nodeSize * 3) / 2, width, height]) .attr( "style", `max-width: 100%; height: auto; font: ${ nodeSize / 1.4 }px sans-serif; overflow: visible;` ); const link = svg .append("g") .attr("fill", "none") .attr("stroke", "#999") .selectAll() .data( root .links() .filter(({ target, source }) => target.data.type !== "category") ) .join("path") .attr( "d", (d) => ` M${d.source.depth * nodeSize},${d.source.index * nodeSize} V${d.target.index * nodeSize} h${nodeSize} ` ); const node = svg .append("g") .selectAll() .data(nodes) .join("g") .attr("transform", (d) => `translate(0,${d.index * nodeSize})`); node .filter((d) => d.data.type !== "category") .append("circle") .attr("cx", (d) => d.depth * nodeSize) .attr("r", 2); const text = node .append("text") .attr("dy", "0.32em") .attr("x", (d) => d.depth * nodeSize + 6); text .append("tspan") .attr("font-weight", (d) => (d.data.type === "category" ? "500" : "600")) .attr("font-family", (d) => d.data.type === "category" ? "sans-serif" : "monospace" ) .attr("text-decoration", (d) => d.data.type === "category" ? "underline" : "none" ) .text((d) => d.data.name); text .filter((d) => d.data.type !== "category") .append("tspan") .attr("dx", nodeSize / 5) .text((d) => d.data.description); node.append("title").text((d) => d .ancestors() .reverse() .map((d) => d.data.name) .join("/") ); return svg.node(); }3c:T2a2c,gefCptStructure = ({ name: "GEF-CPT-Report File", type: "file", description: "Complete GEF cone penetration test report file", children: [ { name: "Header Block", type: "section", description: "File metadata and test parameters", children: [ { name: "GEF Identification", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#GEFID", type: "keyword", description: "GEF version and format identification", example: "#GEFID = 1,1,0", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { name: "#REPORTCODE", type: "keyword", description: "Report format type and version", example: "#REPORTCODE = GEF-CPT-Report,1,1,0", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { name: "#DATAFORMAT", type: "keyword", description: "Data format specification", example: "#DATAFORMAT = ASCII", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { name: "File Metadata", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#FILEOWNER", type: "keyword", description: "File creator/owner name", example: "#FILEOWNER = John Doe", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#FILEDATE", type: "keyword", description: "File creation date", example: "#FILEDATE = 2024, 3, 15", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#COMPANYID", type: "keyword", description: "Executing company information", example: "#COMPANYID = ABC Geo, NL, 12345", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "Project Information", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#PROJECTID", type: "keyword", description: "Project identification", example: "#PROJECTID = PRJ-2024-001", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#TESTID", type: "keyword", description: "CPT test identification number", example: "#TESTID = CPT-001", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "Coordinate & Reference Systems", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#XYID", type: "keyword", description: "Horizontal coordinates and coordinate system", example: "#XYID = 31000, 125000, 450000, 0.1, 0.1", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#ZID", type: "keyword", description: "Surface elevation and height reference system", example: "#ZID = 31000, 5.25, 0.02", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "Test Execution", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#STARTDATE", type: "keyword", description: "Test execution date", example: "#STARTDATE = 2024, 3, 10", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#STARTTIME", type: "keyword", description: "Test execution time", example: "#STARTTIME = 9, 30, 0", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "Data Structure Definition", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#COLUMN", type: "keyword", description: "Number of numerical data columns", example: "#COLUMN = 5", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { name: "#COLUMNINFO", type: "keyword", description: "Column definitions, units, and quantity numbers", example: "#COLUMNINFO = 1, m, penetration length, 1", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", required: true }, { name: "#LASTSCAN", type: "keyword", description: "Number of data records (measurement scans)", example: "#LASTSCAN = 1500", multiplicity: "single", required: true }, { name: "Data Formatting", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#COLUMNSEPARATOR", type: "keyword", description: "Character dividing columns in data block", example: "#COLUMNSEPARATOR = ,", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#RECORDSEPARATOR", type: "keyword", description: "Symbol at end of each measurement scan", example: "#RECORDSEPARATOR = ;", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "#COLUMNTEXT", type: "keyword", description: "Text column on/off setting per column", example: "#COLUMNTEXT = 1, 1", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", required: false }, { name: "#REPORTDATAFORMAT", type: "keyword", description: "Print format per column (FORTRAN style)", example: "#REPORTDATAFORMAT = F8.2F8.2F6.1", multiplicity: "single", required: false }, { name: "Data Validation", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#COLUMNMINMAX", type: "keyword", description: "Min/max values per column", example: "#COLUMNMINMAX = 1, 0.0, 15.5", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", required: false }, { name: "#COLUMNVOID", type: "keyword", description: "No-data value definition per column", example: "#COLUMNVOID = 1, -999.99", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "column_related", required: false }, { name: "Measurement Parameters", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#MEASUREMENTVAR", type: "keyword", description: "Numerical measurement parameters with indexed IDs", example: "#MEASUREMENTVAR = 1, 1000, mm2, Cone tip area", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "indexed_keywords", required: false }, { name: "#MEASUREMENTTEXT", type: "keyword", description: "Descriptive text information with indexed IDs", example: "#MEASUREMENTTEXT = 1, ABC Engineering", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "indexed_keywords", required: false }, { name: "Specimen Data", type: "subsection", type: "category" }, { name: "#SPECIMENVAR", type: "keyword", description: "Numerical specimen parameters", example: "#SPECIMENVAR = 1, 2.5, m, Clay sample at 2.5m", multiplicity: "multiple", multiplicityType: "list_like_data", required: false }, { name: "#EOH", type: "marker", description: "End of header marker - separates header from data", example: "#EOH", multiplicity: "single", required: true } ] }, { name: "Data Block", type: "section", description: "Tabular measurement data organized in scans", children: [ { name: "Required Columns", type: "data_column_group", description: "Mandatory data columns that must be present", children: [ { name: "Column 1: Penetration Length (m)", type: "data_column", description: "Depth of cone tip below reference level", unit: "m", quantityNumber: 1, required: true }, { name: "Column 2: Cone Resistance (MPa)", type: "data_column", description: "Measured cone tip resistance", unit: "MPa", quantityNumber: 2, required: true } ] }, { name: "Optional Columns", type: "data_column_group", description: "Additional measurement data columns", children: [ { name: "Friction Measurements", type: "data_column", description: "Sleeve friction and friction ratio data", unit: "MPa, %", quantityNumbers: [3, 4], required: false }, { name: "Pore Pressure Measurements", type: "data_column", description: "Pore water pressure measurements (u1, u2, u3)", unit: "MPa", quantityNumbers: [5, 6, 7], required: false }, { name: "Inclination Measurements", type: "data_column", description: "Cone inclination from vertical", unit: "degrees", quantityNumbers: [8, 9, 10, 21, 22], required: false }, { name: "Calculated Values", type: "data_column", description: "Derived parameters and soil properties", unit: "various", quantityNumbers: [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], required: false }, { name: "Additional Measurements", type: "data_column", description: "Electric conductivity, magnetic field, etc.", unit: "various", quantityNumbers: [23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36], required: false }, { name: "Text Comments", type: "text_column", description: "Optional last column for comments on measurement scans", unit: "text", required: false } ] } ] } ] })3d:T537,## Sources * [GEF-CPT report 1.1.2](https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/download/attachments/102204318/GEF-CPT.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1409732008000&api=v2) * [Toelichting DOV-GEF formaat](https://www.milieuinfo.be/confluence/display/DDOV/Toelichting+DOV-GEF+formaat) * [Power of Python by Rob van Putten](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/power-python-rob-van-putten/) * [CPTData.nl GEF-CPT 1.1.3 Release Notes](https://www.cptdata.nl/downloads/gef113Releasenotes.pdf) * [BRO - Amsterdam deelt tools om slimmer, sneller en beter te werken met grondonderzoek](https://basisregistratieondergrond.nl/actueel/nieuws/nieuws/2023/juni/amsterdam-deelt-tools-slimmer-sneller-beter-werken/) * [BRO - Nieuwe verplichting: leveren van archiefgegevens aan de BRO](https://basisregistratieondergrond.nl/actueel/nieuws/nieuws/2025/april/nieuwe-verplichting-leveren-archiefgegevens-bro/) * [DINOLoket - Standardised cone penetration testing methods](https://www.dinoloket.nl/en/standardised-cone-penetration-testing-methods) * [Fout in locatieaanduiding in GEF bestanden van het BRO Loket](https://geoforum.nl/t/fout-in-locatieaanduiding-in-gef-bestanden-van-het-bro-loket/9361/2) * [Ben u bekend met de BRO en de NEN-EN-ISO 14688 voor grondonderzoek?](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ben-u-bekend-met-de-bro-en-nen-en-iso-14688-voor-ren%C3%A9-barth)3e:[] 2f:{"title":"Geotechnical Exchange Format (GEF) CPT","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":550,"value":"

\n Standards Timeline\n

\n\n

NEN3680 (1982): Original Dutch standard, equipment unstandardized
NEN5140 (1996): Updated Dutch standard with quality classes
ISO 22476-12 (2009): International mechanical CPT standard
ISO 22476-1 (2012/2023): Current international electric CPT standard

\n ${mermaid`gantt\n title GI Standards Evolution and BRO Timeline\n dateFormat YYYY\n axisFormat %Y\n \n section CPT Standards\n NEN 3680 :1982, 1996\n NEN 5140 :1996, 2009\n ISO 22476-12 :2009, 2012\n ISO 22476-1 :2012, 2025\n \n section Soil Classification\n NEN 5104 :1989, 2004\n ISO 14688 :2004, 2025\n \n section BRO Implementation\n Law Effective :2018, 2020\n Tranche 2 :2020, 2021\n Archive Mandate :2025, 2030\n`}\n

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":351,"value":"## Structure\n\nA GEF-CPT file consists of a **Header** and a **Datablock**.\n\nThe **Header** contains structured metadata using keywords that start with `#`, defining properties from file format version (`#GEFID`) to equipment specifications (`#MEASUREMENTVAR`) and coordinate systems (`#XYID`, `#ZID`). The header ends with `#EOH` (End of Header)\n\nAfter it comes the **Datablock**, plain tabular data with penetration depth and cone resistance as mandatory columns 1 and 2, followed by optional measurements like friction, pore pressure, or inclination.\n\nThis text-based structure makes GEF files _human-readable_¹ while ensuring machine parsing compatibility across different software platforms.\n\n1. 'Human-readable' is rather generous. I'd call it human-openable-a-in-a-text-editor at most","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":124,"value":"drawTree(d3.hierarchy(gefCptStructure))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":68,"value":"## Header Keywords","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":70,"value":"### Required","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":90,"value":"requiredKeywords = Inputs.table(\n keywords.filter((d) => d.required),\n {\n layout: \"auto\"\n }\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":72,"value":"### Optional","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":96,"value":"optionalKeywords = Inputs.table(\n keywords.filter((d) => !d.required),\n {\n layout: \"auto\",\n height: \"auto\"\n }\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":439,"value":"

Deprecated

\n\n* `#COMMENT`\n* `#OBJECTID`\n

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":93,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":22,"value":"## Measurement Variables\n\nMeasurement Variables (`#MEASUREMENTVAR`) are numerical parameters that define the physical characteristics and configuration of the CPT equipment and test setup. They use a standardized numbering system where each ID has a specific, predefined meaning.\n\nEach measurement variable follows this format:\n\n`#MEASUREMENTVAR = [ID], [value], [unit], [description]`.\n\nThe GEF specification reserves IDs 1-128 for standardized measurement variables. Users can define custom measurement variables using IDs outside this range.\n\nHere follow the reserved IDs:","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":14,"value":"viewof measurementVariablesTable = Inputs.table(measurementVariables, {\n layout: \"auto\",\n multiple: false,\n format: {\n options: (d) =>\n d ? d.map((e, i) => `${e.value}: ${e.meaning}`).join(\" | \") : \"\"\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":195,"value":"measurementTextVariableOptions = measurementVariablesTable &&\nmeasurementVariablesTable.options?.length\n ? Inputs.table(measurementVariablesTable.options, {\n layout: \"auto\",\n title: \"Standardized Codes\"\n })\n : html`

Select a measurement text variable with options in the table above to view its the option here.

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":5,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":485,"value":"### BRO Measurement Variables Additions\n\nBRO `#MEASUREMENTVAR` additions for GEF1.1.3.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":491,"value":"broMeasurmentVarAdditionsTable = Inputs.table(broMeasurementVar, {\n layout: \"auto\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":487,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":471,"value":"### VOTB Measurement Variables Additions\n\nDe Vereniging Ondernemers Technisch Bodemonderzoek (VOTB) `#MEASUREMENTVAR` additions for GEF1.1.3.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":481,"value":"votbMeasurmentVarAdditionsTable = Inputs.table(votbMeasurementVariables, {\n layout: \"auto\",\n format: { id: (d) => String(d) }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":473,"value":"votbMeasurementVariables = [\n {\n id: 1100,\n unit: \"µm\",\n description: \"Poriendiameter filtermateriaal waterspanningsfilter\",\n dataType: \"number\"\n },\n {\n id: 1101,\n unit: \"mm\",\n description: \"Diameter filter achter conuspunt\",\n dataType: \"number\"\n },\n {\n id: 1102,\n unit: \"mm\",\n description: \"Afstand kleefbreker to conuspunt\",\n dataType: \"number\"\n },\n {\n id: 1103,\n unit: \"degrees C\",\n description: \"Temperatuur conus voor test\",\n dataType: \"number\"\n },\n {\n id: 1104,\n unit: \"degrees C\",\n description: \"Temperatuur omgeving voor test\",\n dataType: \"number\"\n }\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":270,"value":"### DOV Measurement Variables Additions\n\nThe Belgian 'Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen' (DOV) extends the GEF standard with several `#MEASUREMENTVAR` reserved id's.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":276,"value":"Inputs.table(dovMeasurementVariables, { layout: \"auto\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":273,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":46,"value":"## Measurement Text Variables\n\nMeasurement Text Variables (`#MEASUREMENTTEXT`) store descriptive information using a standardized ID numbering system. Unlike measurement variables (which are numerical), these contain human-readable text describing the project, equipment, and procedures.\n\n`#MEASUREMENTTEXT = [ID], [text description]`\n\nThe following are `#MEASUREMENTTEXT` IDs are standardized:","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":52,"value":"viewof measurementTextVariablesTable = Inputs.table(measurementTextVariables, {\n layout: \"auto\",\n multiple: false,\n format: {\n standardizedCodes: (d) =>\n d.length ? d.map((e) => `${e.code}: ${e.description}. `).join(\"\") : \"\"\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":214,"value":"measurementTextCodes = measurementTextVariablesTable &&\nmeasurementTextVariablesTable.standardizedCodes?.length\n ? Inputs.table(measurementTextVariablesTable.standardizedCodes, {\n layout: \"auto\",\n title: \"Standardized Codes\"\n })\n : html`

Select a measurement text variable with standardized code in the table above to view its codes here.

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":48,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":435,"value":"### BRO Measurement Text Additions\n\nBasis Registratie Ondergrond (BRO) has added the following `#MEASUREMENTTEXT`\n\nFields 101-114 are for submission, while 115-128 are added by BRO during export for registration history tracking.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":447,"value":"broMeasurmentTextAdditionsTable = Inputs.table(broMeasurementText, {\n layout: \"auto\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":445,"value":"$37","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":453,"value":"### VOTB Measurement Text Additions\n\n[De Vereniging Ondernemers Technisch Bodemonderzoek](https://votb.nl/) (VOTB)\n\n> Vanuit de VOTB is geïnventariseerd welke extra informatie (velden) nodig zijn voor de BRO.\n> Tevens zijn vanuit de leden van de VOTB extra velden gedefinieerd ten opzichte van GEF 1.1.2.\n> GEF 1.1.2 is uitgebreid met deze extra velden en heeft de naam GEF 1.1.3 gekregen.\n> De Excel-lijst met extra velden en dataformaat van deze extra velden, wordt beschikbaar\n> via de VOTB website aan haar leden.\n\n[*VOTB - GEF 1.1.3 – BRO –converter beschikbaar!*](https://votb.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/180712-tekst-GEF-1.1.3-BRO-converter.pdf)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":467,"value":"Inputs.table(votbMeasurementText, { layout: \"auto\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":464,"value":"votbMeasurementText = [\n { id: 1100, description: \"Type filtermateriaal voor waterspanningsfilter\" },\n { id: 1101, description: \"Gebruik kleefbreker\" },\n { id: 1102, description: \"Type kleefbreker\" },\n { id: 1103, description: \"Type vloeistof bij spoelsondering\" },\n { id: 1104, description: \"Positie hellingmeter\" },\n { id: 1105, description: \"Dissipatietest met gesloten drukklem\" },\n { id: 1106, description: \"Postcode voor de projectlocatie\" },\n { id: 1107, description: \"Straatnaam van de projectlocatie\" },\n { id: 1108, description: \"Plaats (dorp/stad) van de projectlocatie\" },\n { id: 1109, description: \"Provincie waarin de projectlocatie is gelegen\" },\n { id: 1110, description: \"Land waar het project in is gelegen\" }\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":254,"value":"### Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen (DOV) Additions\n\nDOV-GEF extends the standard with several reserved `#MEASUREMENTTEXT` id's and keywords.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":258,"value":"Inputs.table(dovMeasurementTextVariables, {\n layout: \"auto\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":252,"value":"dovMeasurementTextVariables = [\n {\n id: 135,\n description: \"Conus calibratie datum\"\n },\n { id: 136, description: \"Leverancier conus\" },\n {\n id: 137,\n description: \"Methode verzadiging voor U conus\"\n },\n { id: 138, description: \"Conustype\" },\n {\n id: 139,\n description: \"Opvullen van sondeergat\"\n },\n {\n id: 140,\n description: \"Opmerking met type 'Afwijkingen van de norm'\"\n },\n {\n id: 141,\n description: \"Opmerking met type 'Reden vroegtijdig stoppen'\"\n },\n {\n id: 142,\n description: \"Opmerking met type 'Hernemen sondering'\"\n },\n {\n id: 143,\n description: \"Opmerking met type 'Speciale opstellingen'\"\n },\n {\n id: 144,\n description: \"Opmerking met type 'Waarneming tijdens uitvoering'\"\n }\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":25,"value":"## Horizontal Reference System\n\nThe `#XYID` keyword defines the horizontal coordinate reference system in GEF-CPT files, specifying the positioning datum and location coordinates.\n\nThe format is `#XYID = code, X, Y, deltaX, deltaY`\n\n* `code` identifies the coordinate system.\n* `X` and `Y` provide the CPT location coordinates.\n* `deltaX, deltaY` indicate positioning accuracy.\n\nFor example, `#XYID = 31000, 79578.38, 424838.97, 0.02, 0.02` places the test at Dutch RD coordinates (79578.38, 424838.97) with ±2cm accuracy.\n\nThis keyword enables places the test in real-world coordinates, which enables integration with GIS systems. This in turn enables integration of geotechnical data alongside structural or building models in spatial context.\n\n### Local Coordinate Systems\n\nCode `00000` allows a local coordinate system with its description in `#MEASUREMENTTEXT = 7`:\nFor example:\n\n```\n#XYID = 00000, 125000, 450000, 0.1, 0.1\n#MEASUREMENTTEXT = 7, Local site grid, origin at main building corner\n```","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":29,"value":"horizontalCoordsTable = Inputs.table(coordinateSystems, { layout: \"auto\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":27,"value":"$38","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":37,"value":"## Vertical Reference System\n\nThe `#ZID` keyword defines the vertical reference system and surface elevation.\nIt takes the format `#ZID = code, elevation, deltaZ`.\n\n* The code identifies the height reference system\n* Elevation gives the surface level in meters relative to that datum\n* deltaZ specifies measurement precision.\n\nFor example, `#ZID = 31000, +2.45, 0.02` means the CPT surface is 2.45 meters above [NAP](https://www.rijkswaterstaat.nl/zakelijk/open-data/normaal-amsterdams-peil) with ±2cm accuracy.\n\nThis keyword is crucial for data interpretation since all penetration depths are measured relative to this surface level, and proper height referencing enables integration with other geotechnical data, topographic surveys, and other construction models like BIM.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":42,"value":"verticalCoordsTable = Inputs.table(gefHeightSystems, { layout: \"auto\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":39,"value":"$39","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":57,"value":"## Column Quantities\n\nColumn Quantities are the standardized physical measurements that can appear in GEF-CPT data columns (`#COLUMNINFO`). Each has a unique ID number (1-36) that defines what the column contains.\n\nFor example `#COLUMNINFO = 3, MPa, pore pressure u2, 6` tells parsers: \"Column 3 contains quantity 6 (u2 pore pressure) in MPa\".\n\nThe quantity system ensures a column labeled \"6\" always means \"u2 pore pressure\", regardless of which software created the file.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":64,"value":"columnQuantitiesTable = Inputs.table(columnQuantities, { layout: \"auto\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":61,"value":"$3a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":283,"value":"### DOV Column Quantity Additions \n\nThe Belgian 'Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen' (DOV) extends the GEF standard with several Column Quantities.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":285,"value":"Inputs.table(dovColumnQuantities, { layout: \"auto\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":264,"value":"dovColumnQuantities = [\n { id: 128, description: \"Totale Weerstand Qt\" },\n { id: 129, description: \"Temperatuur\" }\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":122,"value":"$3b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":117,"value":"$3c","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":563,"value":"requiredFormat = (d) => (d ? \"✔\" : \"✘\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":651,"value":"$3d","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"}],"files":"$W3e","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}