31:T490,## The Basic Security Architecture of the Internet ${await FileAttachment("image.png").image({height: 100, width:300})}

**References:** * [RSA Cryptography: The Math and Logic Behind Secure Data Transmission](https://medium.com/quantum-outreach/rsa-cryptography-the-math-and-logic-behind-secure-data-transmission-437c62ae2b4f) * [Wikipedia RSA(cryptosystem)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem%29) * Observable Notebooks: * [RSA @tophtucker](https://observablehq.com/@tophtucker/rsa) * [RSA @beardofdoom](https://observablehq.com/@beardofdoom/rsa) 32:Ta13,showMore ? md` * [Entropy — The Pillar of both Thermodynamics and Information Theory](https://towardsdatascience.com/entropy-the-pillar-of-both-thermodynamics-and-information-theory-138d6e4872fa) * [Black holes don’t erase information](https://earthsky.org/space/black-holes-dont-erase-information/) * [Physicists observationally confirm Hawking’s black hole theorem for the first time](https://news.mit.edu/2021/hawkings-black-hole-theorem-confirm-0701) * [Complexity](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity) is an emergent property of all systems. It arises when energy and matter are ordered against the universal tendency to dis-order; or [Entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy).

This dynamic was [artfully explored](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/9827906/Wonders-of-Life-BBC-Two-review.html) by [physicist Brian Cox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Cox_(physicist%29) in the thought provoking [BBC series ***Wonders of Life***](https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p012qczg). Cox used the concepts in physicist [Erwin Schrödinger](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger)'s book [***What is Life?***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is_Life%3F) as the foundation of the series.

The energy transformations of living systems produce [bio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosignatures) and (in the case of advanced living systems) [techno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosignature) signatures. The detection of [infrared radiation leakage](https://phys.org/news/2015-04-advanced-civilizations-earth-obvious-galaxies.html) from possible civililizations is a strategy being used in the search for life in the Universe beyond our Solar System. But, maybe [we don't need to look that far](https://observablehq.com/@mariodelgadosr/perspective-extra-the-thoughtful-universe?collection=@mariodelgadosr/musings). * **Food for thought**: * [The Evolution of Deception](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.201032) * [Cryptocurrency's Dirty Secret: Energy Consumption](https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2022/05/04/cryptocurrency-energy/) * [Landauer's principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle): lower theoretical limit of energy consumption of computation. * [What is a ?](https://observablehq.com/@mariodelgadosr/what-is-a?collection=@mariodelgadosr/musings) * [Programming the Universe: A Quantum Computer Scientist Takes On the Cosmos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_the_Universe) ${await FileAttachment("image@2.png").image()}` : md``33:T10f9,// Adopted from https://github.com/q3aql/leet-converter function encode_letters_to_simple_leet(text) { let simple_leet_msg_window; var count = 0; var textSize = text.length; var separateText = text.split(""); simple_leet_msg_window = ""; while (count < textSize) { if ( separateText[count] == "0" || separateText[count] == "1" || separateText[count] == "2" || separateText[count] == "3" || separateText[count] == "4" || separateText[count] == "5" || separateText[count] == "6" || separateText[count] == "7" || separateText[count] == "8" || separateText[count] == "9" || separateText[count] == "(" ) { var number = "yes"; simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "{" + separateText[count]; while (number == "yes") { count = count + 1; if ( separateText[count] == "0" || separateText[count] == "1" || separateText[count] == "2" || separateText[count] == "3" || separateText[count] == "4" || separateText[count] == "5" || separateText[count] == "6" || separateText[count] == "7" || separateText[count] == "8" || separateText[count] == "9" || separateText[count] == "." || separateText[count] == "(" ) { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + separateText[count]; } else { if (separateText[count] == null) { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "}"; number = "no"; } else { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "}" + separateText[count]; number = "no"; } } } } else if (separateText[count] == "A" || separateText[count] == "a") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "4"; } else if (separateText[count] == "Á" || separateText[count] == "á") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "4"; } else if (separateText[count] == "À" || separateText[count] == "à") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "4"; } else if (separateText[count] == "E" || separateText[count] == "e") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "3"; } else if (separateText[count] == "É" || separateText[count] == "é") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "3"; } else if (separateText[count] == "È" || separateText[count] == "è") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "3"; } else if (separateText[count] == "G" || separateText[count] == "g") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "6"; } else if (separateText[count] == "I" || separateText[count] == "i") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "!"; } else if (separateText[count] == "Í" || separateText[count] == "í") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "!"; } else if (separateText[count] == "Ì" || separateText[count] == "ì") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "!"; } else if (separateText[count] == "L" || separateText[count] == "l") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "1"; } else if (separateText[count] == "O" || separateText[count] == "o") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "0"; } else if (separateText[count] == "Ó" || separateText[count] == "ó") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "0"; } else if (separateText[count] == "Ò" || separateText[count] == "ò") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "0"; } else if (separateText[count] == "S" || separateText[count] == "s") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "5"; } else if (separateText[count] == "T" || separateText[count] == "t") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + "7"; } else if (separateText[count] == "!") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + " !"; } else if (separateText[count] == "?") { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + " ?"; } else { simple_leet_msg_window = simple_leet_msg_window + separateText[count]; } count = count + 1; } return simple_leet_msg_window; }34:[{"id":"bc18733010acd628fb653c5fb23b80882eac34fb5466ec1004dad088259e010bd1f6d953b8c2b6f937589eb444c6a4e0a822aa9f3decd90913e568611fda5fd2","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/bc18733010acd628fb653c5fb23b80882eac34fb5466ec1004dad088259e010bd1f6d953b8c2b6f937589eb444c6a4e0a822aa9f3decd90913e568611fda5fd2","name":"password.jpg","type":"image/jpeg","lastModified":1650657090867.225,"size":220704},{"id":"894deb6d21f4be73fdea49ba43f67738f1ba97d17eae435b70e537d1f9aa8e7756bf3c1c96175e8817a070e03f638d96dff895e8e69133bbab92f8c40a1b91bf","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/894deb6d21f4be73fdea49ba43f67738f1ba97d17eae435b70e537d1f9aa8e7756bf3c1c96175e8817a070e03f638d96dff895e8e69133bbab92f8c40a1b91bf","name":"image@2.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1675944537434.171,"size":26750},{"id":"4d9a7fd02f0b7d4576970b95c7db536059862a186ecbcbec0ff615e4ffdb45d3761a68d165950ca75d5ca20afa2d1fb509bc876b69be64da40bc84d5e94b7848","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/4d9a7fd02f0b7d4576970b95c7db536059862a186ecbcbec0ff615e4ffdb45d3761a68d165950ca75d5ca20afa2d1fb509bc876b69be64da40bc84d5e94b7848","name":"image@1.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1675654180895.223,"size":215698},{"id":"815891fe4c12bcefc1face82e2331561c9a4dc3dc35ff059e20c245539cd523255c7bb5ec6afdad3bfa2833eeaa792445d904e66d84477e42a33b6f9d3e61de2","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/815891fe4c12bcefc1face82e2331561c9a4dc3dc35ff059e20c245539cd523255c7bb5ec6afdad3bfa2833eeaa792445d904e66d84477e42a33b6f9d3e61de2","name":"image.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1675515288308.743,"size":627630}] 2f:{"title":"Use Strong Passwords","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Use Strong Passwords\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3,"value":"html`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":41,"value":"## H@$ ur em@i1 6een [pwned](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leet#Owned_and_pwned)?:\nhttps://haveibeenpwned.com/ ([origins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have_I_Been_Pwned%3F))\n![image@1.png](${await FileAttachment(\"image@1.png\").url()})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":25,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":17,"value":"## [Password Entropy](https://www.omnicalculator.com/other/password-entropy#how-to-use-this-password-entropy-calculator)\nAs a general principle, [systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory) lower [Entropy (disorder)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(order_and_disorder%29). But in cryptography, the goal is to significantly raise the cost (time/energy) associated with decryption. Thwarting unauthorized encrypting involves [highly-entropic passwords](https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/password-entropy):\n \n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":338,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":317,"value":"viewof showMore = Inputs.toggle({\n label: md`**More on Entropy**`,\n value: false\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":284,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":79,"value":"Warning: DON'T GET PWNED!

\n⚠️ http://www.passwordmeter.com/ ⚠️","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":10,"value":"## Set Administrative Password and Userid Creditials for Wifi Router\n
\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":306,"value":"## Fun with Cryptography:\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":51,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W34","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}