30:T4ef,function subcategoriaArea(subcategoria, tipo) { const {orden, colormap} = subcategorias[subcategoria]; const n = data[subcategoria][tipo]; const paleta = Object.fromEntries(orden.map((v, i) => [v, colormap[i]])); const orden_subcategorias = Object.fromEntries(orden.map((k, i) => [k, i])); return Plot.plot({ height: 250, marginBottom: 20, marginLeft: 0, x: {...baseStyle.x}, y: {...baseStyle.y}, style: {...baseStyle.style}, marks: [ Plot.areaY(n, { x: "año", y: "hectáreas", z: "subcategoria", fill: d => paleta[d.subcategoria], order: d => orden_subcategorias[d.subcategoria], curve: "basis" }), Plot.gridX({ ...baseStyle.gridX }), Plot.gridY({ ...baseStyle.gridY }), Plot.axisY({ ticks: 5, anchor: "left", textAnchor: "start", tickSize: 0, dx: 10, dy: -6, lineAnchor: "bottom", tickFormat: (d, i, _) => (i === _.length - 1 ? `${d / 1e3}M ha.` : d / 1e3), label: null }), Plot.ruleX(n, Plot.pointerX({ x: "año", stroke: colors.background, strokeOpacity: .6, strokeWidth: 5, })), ] }) }31:T4a6,function subcategoriaBars(subcategoria, tipo, año) { const serie = anual[subcategoria][tipo][año]; const {orden, colormap} = subcategorias[subcategoria]; const paleta = Object.fromEntries(orden.map((v, i) => [v, colormap[i]])); return Plot.plot({ marginTop: 0, marginLeft: 34, y: {...baseStyle.y}, x: { label: null, tickSize: null, tickFormat: d => d/1e3, domain: [0, maxHa[subcategoria][tipo] * 1.1] }, style: {...baseStyle.style}, marks: [ Plot.barX(serie, { x: "hectáreas", y: "subcategoria", insetTop: 2, insetBottom: 2, fill: d => paleta[d.subcategoria], sort: {y: "x", reverse: true} }), Plot.gridX({ ...baseStyle.gridY }), Plot.text(serie, { y: "subcategoria", x: "hectáreas", text: "subcategoria", textAnchor: "start", dx: 5, }), Plot.text([año], { text: d => d3.format(".0f")(d), frameAnchor: "bottom-right", textAnchor: "end", fontSize: 20, fontWeight: 600, fillOpacity: .3, dx: -5, dy: -10, }) ] }) }32:T77b,33:T40b,capas = ({ mapbiomas_baseline: { source:{ type: 'raster', tiles: [mapbiomas_tiles.baseline], tileSize: 256 }, layer: { id: 'mapbiomas_baseline', type: 'raster', source: 'mapbiomas_baseline', paint: { "raster-opacity": .2, } } }, mapbiomas_transicion: { source:{ type: 'raster', tiles: [mapbiomas_tiles.transicion], tileSize: 256 }, layer: { id: 'mapbiomas_transicion', type: 'raster', source: 'mapbiomas_transicion', paint: { "raster-opacity": .8, "raster-saturation": -.7, "raster-hue-rotate": 0, "raster-brightness-max": 1. } } }, labels: { source: { type: 'raster', tiles: [ 'https://a.basemaps.cartocdn.com/light_only_labels/{z}/{x}/{y}.png' ], tileSize: 256 }, layer: { id: 'labels-layer', type: 'raster', source: 'labels', paint: { "raster-opacity": .8, } } } })34:[{"id":"db58140d1c0f66d1e61a93db6d5708185f573df1601d75f82785243971ebc51bcb2428afd3d529274fe72479390400d19f77c8f0f4626739350d87ed3b071a29","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/db58140d1c0f66d1e61a93db6d5708185f573df1601d75f82785243971ebc51bcb2428afd3d529274fe72479390400d19f77c8f0f4626739350d87ed3b071a29","name":"tierras@3.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1761755642576.86,"size":25760}] 2e:{"title":"Desmonte","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Desmonte\n## Deforestación y conversión de ecosistemas no boscosos en Bolivia","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":875,"value":"Una referencia de bolsillo para estimaciones en Quezada, C., Czaplicki, S., & Gottret, S. (2025) Radiografía al 2024 de la deforestación y conversión de ecosistemas no boscosos en Bolivia Revista Nómadas / IISEC-UCB.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":969,"value":"Cada año se pierden miles de hectáreas de ecosistemas naturales en Bolivia para convertirse en terrenos de pasteo, agricultura y expansión urbana. Al describir la escala de estas pérdidas, tendemos a mirar sólamente a bosques e ignorar la tragedia que viven otros ecosistemas. Este reporte pretende rescatar una dimensión más completa de la transformación ambiental que sufren territorios en Bolivia, posible gracias a estimaciones de uso de suelo del [proyecto MapBiomas](https://bolivia.mapbiomas.org/). ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":193,"value":"viewof nacional_plot = categoryPlot([...data.nacional.deforestación, ...data.nacional.conversión])","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":735,"value":"html`

\n${nacional_label(\"deforestación\", nacional_plot ? nacional_plot.año : 2024)}\n${nacional_label(\"conversión\", nacional_plot ? nacional_plot.año : 2024)}\n

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":997,"value":"viewof mapa = {\n\n let container = html`

`\n yield container\n \n const map = (container.value = new maplibregl.Map({\n boxZoom: true,\n pitch: 0,\n bearing: 0,\n container,\n center: [-64, -16.5],\n zoom: 5,\n style: \"https://basemaps.cartocdn.com/gl/positron-nolabels-gl-style/style.json\",\n scrollZoom: true\n }))\n\n map.on('load', () => {\n\n const initialBounds = [\n [-71.03124999999879, -23.715622715003235],\n [-56.968749999998806, -9.005173484366253]\n ];\n map.setMaxBounds(initialBounds); \n \n map.addSource('mapbiomas_baseline', capas.mapbiomas_baseline.source)\n map.addLayer(capas.mapbiomas_baseline.layer)\n\n map.addSource('mapbiomas_transicion', capas.mapbiomas_transicion.source)\n map.addLayer(capas.mapbiomas_transicion.layer)\n\n map.addSource('labels', capas.labels.source)\n map.addLayer(capas.labels.layer)\n })\n \n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":839,"value":"\n

Deforestación

\n Ecosistemas boscosos que pasan a usos no naturales\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":672,"value":"viewof nacional_deforestación = categoryPlot(data.nacional.deforestación)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":687,"value":"nacional_label(\"deforestación\", nacional_deforestación ? nacional_deforestación.año : 2024)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":753,"value":"${viewof sub_deforestación}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":529,"value":"viewof deforestacion_area = subcategoriaArea(sub_deforestación, \"deforestación\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":531,"value":"subcategoriaBars(sub_deforestación, \"deforestación\", deforestacion_area ? deforestacion_area.año : 2024)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":856,"value":"\n

Conversión de Ecosistemas No Boscosos

\n Ecosistemas no boscosos que pasan a usos no naturales\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":665,"value":"viewof nacional_conversión = categoryPlot(data.nacional.conversión)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":723,"value":"nacional_label(\"conversión\", nacional_conversión ? nacional_conversión.año : 2024)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":757,"value":"${viewof sub_conversión}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":496,"value":"viewof conversión_area = subcategoriaArea(sub_conversión, \"conversión\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":502,"value":"subcategoriaBars(sub_conversión, \"conversión\", conversión_area ? conversión_area.año : 2024)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":865,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":992,"value":"_Apéndice_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":116,"value":"colors = ({\n background: \"#fff\",\n line: \"#777777\",\n deforestación: \"#c98e81\",\n conversión: \"#e6d4c5\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":113,"value":"function categoryPlot(n) {\n const dataMark = {\n x: \"año\",\n y: \"hectáreas\",\n z: \"tipo\",\n }\n const ni = n.reduce((acc, { año, tipo, hectáreas }) => {\n acc[año] ??= {};\n acc[año][tipo] = hectáreas;\n return acc;\n }, {});\n return Plot.plot({\n height: 250,\n marginBottom: 20,\n marginLeft: 0,\n x: {...baseStyle.x},\n y: {...baseStyle.y},\n style: {...baseStyle.style},\n marks: [\n Plot.areaY(n, {\n ...dataMark,\n fill: d => colors[d.tipo],\n curve:\"basis\"\n }),\n Plot.gridX({\n ...baseStyle.gridX\n }),\n Plot.gridY({\n ...baseStyle.gridY\n }),\n Plot.axisY({\n ...baseStyle.axisY\n }),\n Plot.ruleX(n, Plot.pointerX({\n x: \"año\",\n stroke: colors.background,\n strokeOpacity: .6,\n strokeWidth: 5,\n })),\n Plot.text([\"Hectáreas desmontadas por año\"], {\n frameAnchor: \"top-left\",\n dy: -18,\n })\n ]\n })\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3,"value":"data = {\n const raw = await FileAttachment(\"tierras@3.csv\").csv({typed: true});\n return raw.reduce((acc, e) => {\n const { categoria, tipo } = e;\n (acc[categoria] ??= {});\n (acc[categoria][tipo] ??= []).push(e);\n return acc;\n }, {});\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":410,"value":"anual = Object.fromEntries(\n Object.entries(data).map(([categoria, byTipo]) => [\n categoria,\n Object.fromEntries(\n Object.entries(byTipo).map(([tipo, arr]) => [\n tipo,\n arr.reduce((acc, { año, subcategoria, hectáreas }) => {\n (acc[año] ??= []).push({ subcategoria, hectáreas });\n return acc;\n }, {})\n ])\n )\n ])\n);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":445,"value":"maxHa = Object.fromEntries(\n Object.entries(data).map(([categoria, byTipo]) => [\n categoria,\n Object.fromEntries(\n Object.entries(byTipo).map(([tipo, arr]) => [\n tipo,\n arr.reduce((max, e) => Math.max(max, typeof e === 'number' ? e : e.hectáreas), -Infinity)\n ])\n )\n ])\n);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":373,"value":"subcategorias = ({\n departamental: {\n orden: [\"Pando\", \"Beni\", \"Santa Cruz\", \"Tarija\", \"Cochabamba\", \"Chuquisaca\", \"Potosí\", \"Oruro\", \"La Paz\"],\n colormap: d3.quantize(d3.interpolateHcl(\"#e3d56f\", \"#745b82\"), 9),\n nombre: \"departamento\"\n },\n tenencia: {\n orden: [\"Áreas Protegidas\", \"Tierra Fiscal\", \"TCO\", \"Campesina\", \"Pequeña\", \"Mediana\", \"Empresarial\"],\n colormap: d3.quantize(d3.interpolateHcl(\"#8fa389\", \"#553e66\"), 7),\n nombre: \"propiedad\"\n },\n biomas: {\n orden: [\"Andes\", \"Chaco\", \"Chiquitano\", \"Pantanal\", \"Tucumano-Boliviano\", \"Amazonía\"],\n colormap: d3.quantize(d3.interpolateHcl(\"#deaf92\", \"#334e4f\"), 6),\n nombre: \"bioma\"\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":685,"value":"function nacional_label(tipo, año) {\n const tipo_texto = tipo == \"deforestación\" ? \"boscosas desmontadas\" : \"no boscosas desmontadas\";\n const formatter = d3.format(\".0f\");\n return html`${formatter(anual.nacional[tipo][año][0].hectáreas)}hectáreas ${tipo_texto} en ${año}`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":561,"value":"viewof sub_conversión = Inputs.radio(Object.keys(subcategorias), {\n format: d => subcategorias[d].nombre,\n label: \"Conversión por\",\n value: \"departamental\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":536,"value":"viewof sub_deforestación = Inputs.radio(Object.keys(subcategorias), {\n format: d => subcategorias[d].nombre,\n label: \"Deforestación por\",\n value: \"departamental\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":231,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":358,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":119,"value":"baseStyle = ({\n x: {\n tickFormat: d3.format(\".0f\"),\n tickSize: 0,\n label: null, \n domain: [2014.5, 2024]\n },\n y: {\n axis: null\n },\n gridX: {\n ticks: 10,\n stroke: colors.background,\n strokeOpacity: 1,\n strokeWidth: 1\n },\n gridY: {\n ticks: 5,\n strokeDasharray: \"1,3\",\n strokeOpacity: .5,\n },\n axisY: {\n ticks: 5,\n anchor: \"left\",\n textAnchor: \"start\",\n tickSize: 0,\n dx: 10,\n dy: -6,\n lineAnchor: \"bottom\",\n tickFormat: (d, i, _) => (i === _.length - 1 ? `${d / 1e3}M ha.` : d / 1e3),\n label: null\n },\n style: {\n color: colors.line\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":691,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":995,"value":"maplibregl = {\n const [modulo, estilo] = await Promise.all([\n require(\"maplibre-gl\"),\n require.resolve(\"maplibre-gl/dist/maplibre-gl.css\")\n ]);\n \n const style = document.head.appendChild(\n html``\n );\n invalidation.then(() => style.remove());\n \n return modulo;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1001,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1123,"value":"mapbiomas_tiles = {\n const baseline = await fetch(\n \"https://staging.api.mapbiomas.org/api/v1/bolivia/maps/coverage_main?initiative=bolivia&pixelValues=1&pixelValues=10&pixelValues=27&territoryIds=10001&year=2015&legend=default\",\n {}\n ).then(res => res.text());\n const transicion = await fetch(\n \"https://staging.api.mapbiomas.org/api/v1/bolivia/maps/coverage_changes?initiative=bolivia&pixelValues=4&territoryIds=10001&fromYear=2012&toYear=2024\",\n {}\n ).then(res => res.text());\n return {\n baseline: baseline,\n transicion: transicion\n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W34","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}