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30:{"title":"Petite histoire (incomplète et subjective) de la cartographie et la dataviz","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Petite histoire (incomplète et subjective) de la cartographie et la dataviz","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":8,"value":"

LES PREMIÈRES CARTES

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“Cadastre” de Bedolina (découverte en en Italie du nord) 2000 ans av.n.è. Quatre périodes au moins de gravure se superposent, et cette mystérieuse topographie apparaît sur la deuxième couche, voisinant avec des représentations de cervidés. S’il s’agit bien d’un premier vocabulaire topographique, nous ne savons pas le lire.

Ces cartes polynésiennes appelées Rebbelibs, Medosou ou Mattangs représentants les courants marins et la direction de la houle qui est perturbée par la présence des îles avec des batons de bois courbés, les coquillages représentants la position des îles. Elle datent de 1000 av.n.è.

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":33,"value":"html`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":136,"value":"

DES REPRÉSENTATIONS DU MONDE QUI S'AFFINENT

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":28,"value":"i01Histoire = FileAttachment(\"I.01.histoire.png\").image({ width: 1000 })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":91,"value":"*Lambert, N., Zanin C. (2019). Mad Maps - L’Atlas qui va changer votre vision du monde (p. 144p). Armand Colin.*","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":31,"value":"

LES DÉBUTS DE LA DATAVIZ

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":96,"value":"**Nicole Oresme (1370)** est un des premiers à concevoir le principe et l’utilité des coordonnées cartésiennes pour la représentation graphique de phénomènes quantitatifs","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":87,"value":"html`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":116,"value":"**William Playfair (1786)** - Commercial and Political Atlas.\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":125,"value":"html`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":141,"value":"**Florence Nightingale (1857)** - Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":145,"value":"nightingale = FileAttachment(\"Nightingale.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":148,"value":"

LA RENCONTRE DE 2 MONDES

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":152,"value":"Quand la cartographie rencontre la visualisation de données statistiques.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":154,"value":"Carte figurative de l’instruction populaire en France (**Charles Dupin, 1826**) ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":156,"value":"dupin = FileAttachment(\"Dupin.png\").image({ width: 700 })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":204,"value":"**Frère de Montizon** (1830) & **Emile Cheysson** (1886)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":187,"value":"html`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":185,"value":"

LE GOLD STANDARD DE LA DATAVIZ

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":217,"value":"Carte Figurative des pertes successives en hommes de l’armée française dans la campagne de Russie 1812–1813.\n**Charles Joseph Minard (1869)**. Minard représente en 1869 les pertes colossales de l’armée française dans la campagne de Russie au début du XIXe siècle. Cette fameuse « carte figurative » raconte l’histoire de cette armée, qui arrive à Moscou avec moins d’un quart de son effectif de départ, avant de se faire à nouveau décimer sur le voyage du retour.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":215,"value":"minard = FileAttachment(\"Minard.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":223,"value":"

THÉORISATION

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":225,"value":"**Bertin, 1967 (et 1973)**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":227,"value":"- Enorme travail de synthèse.\n- Approche plutôt pragmatique.\n- Pour le papier.\n- En noir et blanc.\n- Mais un travail qui reste central pour toutes celles et ceux qui travaillent sur la visualisation de données aujourd’hui.\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":236,"value":"semio = FileAttachment(\"semio.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":241,"value":"

RÉVOLUTION TECHNOLOGIQUES

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":259,"value":"html`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":270,"value":"

DE LA CARTOGRAPHIE À LA GÉOVISUALISATION

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":274,"value":"**Leaflet, 2010** - https://leafletjs.com/","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":276,"value":"leaflet = FileAttachment(\"leaflet.jpg\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":289,"value":"**Shan Carter, 2012 (D3.js - Mike Bostock)** - https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/02/13/us/politics/2013-budget-proposal-graphic.html","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":291,"value":"bostock2011 = FileAttachment(\"bostock2011.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":280,"value":"**Deck.gl, 2015** - https://deck.gl/","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":282,"value":"deckgl = FileAttachment(\"deckgl.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":285,"value":"**KeplerGL, 2018** - https://kepler.gl/","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":287,"value":"keplergl = FileAttachment(\"keplergl.png\").image()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":297,"value":"**Vega-lite, 2013** - https://vega.github.io/","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":299,"value":"vegalite = FileAttachment(\"vegalite.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":302,"value":"**Observable Plot, 2022** - https://github.com/observablehq/plot","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":304,"value":"plot = FileAttachment(\"plot.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":306,"value":"**Bertin, 2022** - https://github.com/neocarto/bertin","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":308,"value":"bertin = FileAttachment(\"bertin.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":339,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":243,"value":"### *Pour aller plus loin*","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":245,"value":"https://observablehq.com/@tophtucker/classic-research-in-data-visualization","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":316,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"}],"files":"$W32","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}