32:T490,md` The data used for this analysis includes these audiences' commercial ratings for all programs across all networks, from March 2 through March 29. To visualize the change in ratings distribution over time, we calculate the percentage of programs withing a specific ratings range on a daily basis. For instance, the line chart below shows the percentage of programs that have a rating between 0.1 and 0.5 for *${selectedAudience}*.

*The percentage of programs that have a rating between 0.1 and 0.5 increased by **50%** by the end of the March for M18-34*

We can conclude that the combination of big tentpole events (mainly sports) cancellations, resulting in those impressions being distributed to other programs, plus the increase of people watch TV have resulted in more M18-34 watching more of a wider variety of programs. In two words: **increased fragmentation**. Choose from one of the audiences in the dropdown below to update all of the visualizations in this document! *Want to look into a more specific audience?* Send us a note at *marketing@simulmedia.com*.
`33:T69f,chart = { const svg = d3 .create("svg") .attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height]) .style("background", "white"); svg .append("g") .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},0)`) .append(() => legend({ color, title: `Rating (% of ${selectedAudience})` }) ); svg.append("g").call(xAxis); svg.append("g").call(yAxis); svg .append("g") .selectAll("rect") .attr('class', 'program') .data(data) .join("rect") .attr("x", d => x(d.startTime)) .attr("y", d => y(d.network) - 3) .attr("width", d => { const endTime = d3.min([endOfDay, d.endTime]); return x(endTime) - x(d.startTime) - 1 > 0 ? x(endTime) - x(d.startTime) - 1 : 0; }) .attr("height", y.bandwidth() - 1) .attr("fill", d => color(d.rating)) .on('mouseover', d => { tooltip.style("display", "inline"); }) .on('mousemove', d => { tooltip .html( `Rating: ${d3.format('.2')( d.rating )}
${d.program}
[${ d.genre }]
${d.startTime .toString() .substring(16, 21)} - ${d.endTime .toString() .substring(16, 21)} [${d.duration} min]
${d3.format('.3s')( d.avgViewers )} avg viewers per minute` ) .style("left", d3.event.pageX + 5 + "px") .style("top", d3.event.pageY - 12 + "px"); }) .on('mouseout', d => { tooltip.style("display", "none"); }) .transition() .duration(300) .attr("y", d => y(d.network)); return svg.node(); }34:T42b,lineDataFixed = { const data = d3 .nest() .key(function(d) { return d.date; }) .rollup(function(v) { return { totalCount: [...new Set(v.map(obj => obj.program))].length, programsAbove: [ ...new Set( v .filter(obj => obj.rating >= 0.1 && obj.rating <= 0.5) .map(obj => obj.program) ) ].length, totalPrograms: [...new Set(v.map(obj => obj.program))].length, aboveCentralRating: (100 * [ ...new Set( v .filter(obj => obj.rating >= 0.1 && obj.rating <= 0.5) .map(obj => obj.program) ) ].length) / [...new Set(v.map(obj => obj.program))].length }; }) .entries(allData.filter(obj => obj.audience === selectedAudience)); console.log(data); const lineData = data.map(obj => { return { date: new Date(obj.key), percentage: obj.value.aboveCentralRating }; }); return lineData; }35:[{"id":"1f631bbcd2f2f287b1cc793ab75658aa519a0b0504764ec4d39d5076d400c0a11ccb88dbdb132a65cdab360bcf8c92cb77386aa3896b183420a5ead351c96a4a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1f631bbcd2f2f287b1cc793ab75658aa519a0b0504764ec4d39d5076d400c0a11ccb88dbdb132a65cdab360bcf8c92cb77386aa3896b183420a5ead351c96a4a","name":"program_ratings_p2_plus.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":14717158},{"id":"6dc36c6ead104179a4387491bd0066f4bcf1e8291be7ede3f06704553a5e091614a69a6e411c98e3dd9e70276acf76a3dce015ec9f780a9541521d770d6511fb","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/6dc36c6ead104179a4387491bd0066f4bcf1e8291be7ede3f06704553a5e091614a69a6e411c98e3dd9e70276acf76a3dce015ec9f780a9541521d770d6511fb","name":"program_ratings_a18_plus.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":14797955},{"id":"a8fe4c22e397c4ea9fdb1082ed91871718776ac0d169cdacb294d2b5c3e59ba751e3b691e9695a1138f3b6ba8982035ef2611ec5141b74012304be6cb7b5a41e","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/a8fe4c22e397c4ea9fdb1082ed91871718776ac0d169cdacb294d2b5c3e59ba751e3b691e9695a1138f3b6ba8982035ef2611ec5141b74012304be6cb7b5a41e","name":"program_ratings_a18_49.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":14375054},{"id":"12fdd79436ba9efd5e6f205d15033817f424ccaeac994962b6bb830646fca4f81e8d1ed7ffc48c36e96a5e1f0c8d2fbf07195e01185afe0370d58f1752f49bef","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/12fdd79436ba9efd5e6f205d15033817f424ccaeac994962b6bb830646fca4f81e8d1ed7ffc48c36e96a5e1f0c8d2fbf07195e01185afe0370d58f1752f49bef","name":"program_ratings_a25_54.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":14439707},{"id":"7d4594708d54534bced8c33d5ba90e759182b3cf9302c886155004c574f6619a44e28095396542c8469897b937d33ac0caa4c518966b4ad2fd72b6404f8acc38","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/7d4594708d54534bced8c33d5ba90e759182b3cf9302c886155004c574f6619a44e28095396542c8469897b937d33ac0caa4c518966b4ad2fd72b6404f8acc38","name":"program_ratings_m18_34.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":13008689},{"id":"fa8d59cbff4d0d4398d1b15e555b3a00f748c851983e06242b05789303af4b8b1dcc14e3323dd065595a68ebf8593973d52590c9b99008dec06ca58f1bfe570b","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/fa8d59cbff4d0d4398d1b15e555b3a00f748c851983e06242b05789303af4b8b1dcc14e3323dd065595a68ebf8593973d52590c9b99008dec06ca58f1bfe570b","name":"program_ratings_m18_plus.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":14750620},{"id":"cd1a1c1e19bb21f0d7054e3a023aa9932c6769394a60add458c607f8d00d072514e743e150fe6498339eff80806ada2ca36f34ccfef823b9e650a502d363bc32","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/cd1a1c1e19bb21f0d7054e3a023aa9932c6769394a60add458c607f8d00d072514e743e150fe6498339eff80806ada2ca36f34ccfef823b9e650a502d363bc32","name":"program_ratings_w18_plus.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1587048304412.051,"size":14710297}] 30:{"title":"How TV Viewing Audience Concentration Is Changing During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Interactive Charts Below]","cells":[{"id":296,"value":"md`# How TV Viewing Audience Concentration Is Changing During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Interactive Charts Below]\n\nAs the coronavirus epidemic has spread in the US, [TV viewing behavior has changed considerably](https://observablehq.com/@simulmedia/tv-viewing-at-the-time-of-covid-19). As of the end of March, over 3.18 billion additional impressions had become available. Here we take a look at how this increase in TV viewing has affected overall program commercial ratings during the month of March. We find that, in general, **the percentage of programs with a higher commercial rating has increased**. In other words, those 3.18 billion additional impressions are having a significant impact on show ratings. Furthermore, the cancellations of big sport events and shows has caused audiences to redistribute across a wider variety of networks and programs.\n\nWe have gathered data for seven audiences: P2+, A18+, M18+, W18+, A18-49, A25-54 and M18-34 (hard to reach on TV). The chart below shows their size. \n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":986,"value":"Plot.plot({\n marks: [\n Plot.barX(audienceData, {\n x: \"value\",\n y: \"name\",\n sort: { y: \"x\", reverse: true }\n }),\n Plot.ruleX([0])\n ],\n marginLeft: 80\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":997,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":847,"value":"viewof selectedAudience = select({\n title: \"Audience\",\n description: \"Pick An Audience.\",\n options: audiences,\n value: audiences[6]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":942,"value":"md`
`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":736,"value":"lcf = lineChartFixed","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":716,"value":"md`## Data Deep Dive\n
\nFor the data enthusiasts, we have put together the following interactive visualizations. The first is the same as the line chart above, and the second is a deep dive on a given day, showing all programs, their ratings and whether or not their rating is above (red), below (grey) or within (blue) the reference rating range.\n\nChanging the reference rating values will update both visualizations, while changing the date will update the day-level program heatmap.\n___\n\n## ${selectedAudience}\n
`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":592,"value":"viewof lowerRating = slider({\n min: 0,\n max: 2,\n step: 0.01,\n value: 0.1,\n title: \"Lower Rating Level\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":864,"value":"viewof upperRating = slider({\n min: 0,\n max: 2,\n step: 0.01,\n value: 0.5,\n title: \"Upper Rating Level\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":628,"value":"lineChart","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":577,"value":"viewof selectedDate = date({\n title: \"Day\",\n min: \"2020-03-02\",\n max: \"2020-03-29\",\n value: \"2020-03-12\",\n description: \"Pick a date to visualize all programs and their rating\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":4,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":769,"value":"md`# What's Your Target Audience?\n\nWe've run this analysis based on an A18-49 audience, but we can repeat the exercise with any audience, including those based on first-party data, mobile app users, website visitors, and more. To get an analysis of your audience, simply contact marketing@simulmedia.com. \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":558,"value":"md`# Appendix`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":561,"value":"md`## Data`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":820,"value":"p2plusData = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_p2_plus.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":823,"value":"a18plusData = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_a18_plus.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":830,"value":"m18plusData = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_m18_plus.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":826,"value":"w18plusData = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_w18_plus.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":834,"value":"a1849Data = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_a18_49.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":837,"value":"a2554plusData = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_a25_54.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":877,"value":"m1834Data = d3.csvParse(\n await FileAttachment(\"program_ratings_m18_34.csv\").text(),\n d => ({\n audience: d.audience,\n audienceSize: d.audience_size,\n date: d.date,\n network: d.sm_network,\n program: d.program_name,\n startTime: new Date(d.est_program_start_time),\n endTime: new Date(d.est_program_end_time),\n duration: +d.reported_duration,\n genre: d.program_type_summary_description,\n episode: d.episode_name,\n repeat: +d.repeat_indicator,\n avgViewers: +d.avg_viewers_per_comm_min,\n rating: +100 * d.rating\n })\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":840,"value":"allData = p2plusData.concat(\n a18plusData,\n m18plusData,\n w18plusData,\n a1849Data,\n a2554plusData,\n m1834Data\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":397,"value":"data = allData.filter(\n obj => obj.date === selectedDate && obj.audience === selectedAudience\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":602,"value":"lineData = {\n const data = d3\n .nest()\n .key(function(d) {\n return d.date;\n })\n .rollup(function(v) {\n return {\n totalCount: [...new Set(v.map(obj => obj.program))].length,\n aboveCentralRating:\n (100 *\n [\n ...new Set(\n v\n .filter(\n obj =>\n obj.rating >= lowerRating && obj.rating <= upperRating\n )\n .map(obj => obj.program)\n )\n ].length) /\n [...new Set(v.map(obj => obj.program))].length\n };\n })\n .entries(allData.filter(obj => obj.audience === selectedAudience));\n\n const lineData = data.map(obj => {\n return {\n date: new Date(obj.key),\n percentage: obj.value.aboveCentralRating\n };\n });\n\n return lineData;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":727,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":394,"value":"networks = [...new Set(allData.map(obj => obj.network))]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":844,"value":"audiences = [...new Set(allData.map(obj => obj.audience))]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":888,"value":"audienceData = audiences\n .map(obj => {\n return {\n name: obj,\n value: +allData.filter(item => item.audience === obj)[0].audienceSize\n };\n })\n .sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":567,"value":"md`## Chart`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":465,"value":"tooltip = d3\n .select(\"body\")\n .append(\"div\")\n .attr(\"class\", \"tooltip\")\n .style(\"display\", \"none\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":10,"value":"x = d3.scaleTime([startOfDay, endOfDay], [margin.left, width - margin.right])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":11,"value":"y = d3.scaleBand(networks, [margin.top, height - margin.bottom]).round(true)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":179,"value":"color = {\n let [min, max] = d3.extent(data, d => d.rating);\n return d3\n .scaleLinear()\n .domain([\n 0,\n lowerRating - 0.0001,\n lowerRating + 0.0001,\n upperRating - 0.0001,\n upperRating + 0.0001,\n max\n ])\n .range([\"#f7f7f7\", \"#cccccc\", \"#c6dbef\", \"#084594\", \"#fc9272\", \"#99000d\"]);\n}\n\n// [\"#fff5f0\",\"#fee0d2\",\"#fcbba1\",\"#fc9272\",\"#fb6a4a\",\"#ef3b2c\",\"#cb181d\",\"#99000d\"]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":16,"value":"xAxis = g =>\n g\n .attr(\"transform\", `translate(0,${margin.top})`)\n .call(d3.axisTop(x))\n .call(g => g.select(\".domain\").remove())","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":17,"value":"yAxis = g =>\n g\n .attr(\"transform\", `translate(${width - margin.right},0)`)\n .call(d3.axisRight(y))\n .call(g => g.select(\".domain\").remove())","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":68,"value":"width = 954","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":27,"value":"height = margin.top + margin.bottom + (networks.length + 1) * 13","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":29,"value":"margin = ({ top: 70, right: 90, bottom: 0, left: 15 })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":707,"value":"endOfDay = {\n const day = moment(selectedDate);\n const midnight = day\n .clone()\n .local()\n .endOf('day');\n return midnight;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":711,"value":"startOfDay = {\n const day = moment(selectedDate);\n const midnightAM = day\n .clone()\n .local()\n .startOf('day');\n return midnightAM;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":617,"value":"md`### Imported Chart`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":621,"value":"lineChartInputs = ({\n width: 640,\n height: 250,\n dimension: 'date',\n metric: 'percentage',\n title: `Percentage between a rating of ${lowerRating} and ${upperRating}`,\n color: '#333',\n xAxisHidden: false,\n yAxisHidden: false,\n nonzeroMinY: true,\n mark: selectedDate,\n markText: \"Selected Date\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":730,"value":"lineChartFixedInputs = ({\n width: 640,\n height: 250,\n dimension: 'date',\n metric: 'percentage',\n title: `Percentage of programs with rating between 0.1 and 0.5`,\n color: '#333',\n xAxisHidden: false,\n yAxisHidden: false,\n nonzeroMinY: true\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":620,"value":"import { chart as lineChart } with {\n lineData as data,\n lineChartInputs as inputs\n} from 'fac1b4719c2e3c59'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":733,"value":"import { chart as lineChartFixed } with {\n lineDataFixed as data,\n lineChartFixedInputs as inputs\n} from 'fac1b4719c2e3c59'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":571,"value":"md`## Imports and Styles`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":5,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@5\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":131,"value":"import {legend} from \"@d3/color-legend\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":574,"value":"import { date, slider, select } from \"@jashkenas/inputs\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":675,"value":"moment = require('moment')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":472,"value":"{\n return html`\n Style\n\n `;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W35","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}