31:T430,--- ## A brief introduction to oil energy Oil energy comes from the combustion of petroleum, a fossil fuel also known as crude oil. Oil was formed millions of years ago when plant and animal remains gradually built up on the Earth’s surface and the ocean floor, mixing with sand, silt, and calcium carbonate. Over time, these organic deposits were buried deep beneath layers of sediment, and subjected to intense heat and pressure from the Earth's movements. This transformative environment converted what once was pure organic matter into a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, the foundation of crude oil. As years and centuries went by, our society learnt how to extract and refine crude oil from multiple underground reservoirs, yielding the liquid gold that we know as petroleum. This petroleum is processed in oil refineries in order to obtain petroleum products. Some of the most prominent petroleum products we can find in our day-to-day life are: - Gasoline - Jet fuels - Other distillates, such as diesel fuel and heating oil - Waxes - Lubricating oils - Asphalt32:T518,Plot.plot({ width: width, height: 420, marginLeft: 50, x: { label: "By year" }, y: { label: "Annual CO₂ emissions from oil (in million tonnes)" }, marks: [ Plot.lineY( world_data, Plot.binX( { y: "sum" }, { x: "year", y: "oil_co2", curve: "basis", interval: d3.utcYear, stroke: highlight_color, strokeOpacity: 1, strokeWidth: 2, tip: { format: { x: false, Year: true, Emissions: true, y: false }, channels: { Emissions: (d) => { const emitted = d.oil_co2; return `${emitted} million tonnes`; }, Year: (d) => { const year = d.year; return year; }, }, }, } ) ), Plot.areaY( world_data, Plot.binX( { y: "sum" }, { x: "year", y: "oil_co2", curve: "basis", interval: d3.utcYear, fill: highlight_color, fillOpacity: 0.75 } ) ), Plot.gridY({ stroke: "#AAA", strokeWidth: 0.6, strokeOpacity: 0.5 }), Plot.ruleY([0]) ] })33:T772, chart3 = { const width = 1154; const height = 500; const color = d3.scaleOrdinal(world3.children.map(d => d.country), d3.schemeTableau10); // Layout const root = d3.treemap() .tile(d3.treemapBinary) // e.g., d3.treemapSquarify .size([width, height]) .padding(1) .round(true) (d3.hierarchy(world3) .sum(d => d.value) .sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value)); //SVG container const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height]) .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height) .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; font: 10px sans-serif;"); // Cells const leaf = svg.selectAll("g") .data(root.leaves()) .join("g") .attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.x0},${d.y0})`); // Tooltip const format = d3.format(",d"); leaf.append("title") .text(d => d.data.name + ": " + `${format(d.value)}` + " million tons acummulated to 2021"); // Color rectangle leaf.append("rect") .attr("id", d => (d.leafUid = DOM.uid("leaf")).id) .attr("fill", d => { while (d.depth > 1) d = d.parent; return color(d.data.name); }) .attr("fill-opacity", 0.6) .attr("width", d => d.x1 - d.x0) .attr("height", d => d.y1 - d.y0); // ClipPath for overflow leaf.append("clipPath") .attr("id", d => (d.clipUid = DOM.uid("clip")).id) .append("use") .attr("xlink:href", d => d.leafUid.href); // Multiline text leaf.append("text") .attr("clip-path", d => d.clipUid) .selectAll("tspan") .data(d => d.data.name.split(/(?=[A-Z][a-z])|\s+/g).concat(format(d.value))) .join("tspan") .attr("x", 3) .attr("y", (d, i, nodes) => `${(i === nodes.length - 1) * 0.3 + 1.1 + i * 0.9}em`) .attr("fill-opacity", (d, i, nodes) => i === nodes.length - 1 ? 0.7 : null) .text(d => d); return Object.assign(svg.node(), {scales: {color}}); }34:T7c2,Plot.plot({ width: width, height: 420, marginLeft: 50, marginRight: 120, x: { label: "By year" }, y: { label: form.select_count === "cumulative_oil_co2" ? "Cumulative CO₂ emissions from oil (in million tonnes)" : "Annual CO₂ emissions from oil (in million tonnes)" }, marks: [ Plot.lineY( filtered_data, Plot.binX( { y: "sum" }, { x: "year", y: form.select_count, z: "country", curve: "basis", interval: d3.utcYear, stroke: "country", strokeOpacity: 0.8, strokeWidth: 1.5, tip: { format: { x: false, Year: true, Emissions: true, y: false, stroke: false }, channels: { Emissions: (d) => { const emitted = d.oil_co2; return `${emitted} million tonnes`; }, Year: (d) => { const year = d.year; return year; }, }, }, } ) ), Plot.gridY({ stroke: "#AAA", strokeWidth: 0.6, strokeOpacity: 0.5 }), Plot.dot( filtered_data, Plot.selectLast( Plot.binX( { y: "sum" }, { x: "year", y: form.select_count, z: "country", curve: "basis", interval: d3.utcYear, fill: "country", r: 3 } ) ) ), Plot.text( filtered_data, Plot.selectLast( Plot.binX( { y: "sum" }, { x: "year", y: form.select_count, z: "country", curve: "basis", interval: d3.utcYear, fill: "country", dx: 6, textAnchor: "start", text: (d) => d[0].country, fontWeight: "bold" } ) ) ) ] })35:T413,horizontal_swarm = //Credits to Tanya Shapiro (@tashapiro) for the beeswarm chart implementation Plot.plot({ height: 750, width: 1000, marginBottom: 50, className: "horizontal-swarm", x: { tickSize: 0, label: 'Annual oil-derived CO₂ emissions per capita (tonnes).', type: "linear" }, y: {ticks:false}, marks: [ Plot.dot(countries_data_2022, Plot.dodgeY({ r: 9, anchor: "middle", title : "country", padding: 2, fill: d => d.country === selected_country ? highlight_color : '#DFDFDF', x: "oil_co2_per_capita", })), Plot.dot(countries_data_2022, Plot.dodgeY( Plot.pointer({ r: 9, anchor: "middle", title : d=> d.country + '\n' + d.oil_co2_per_capita, padding: 2, fill: '#FF6969', tip: "xy", x: "oil_co2_per_capita"}) )), Plot.ruleX(countries_data_2022, Plot.groupZ({ x: "median" }, { x: "oil_co2_per_capita", stroke: "#393939", strokeWidth: 2.5, strokeDasharray: [5, 5], })), ], });36:T9e3,Plot.plot({ width: 750, projection: { type: "azimuthal-equidistant", rotate: [0, -90], // Note: 0.625° corresponds to max. length (here, 0.5), plus enough room for the labels domain: d3.geoCircle().center([0, 90]).radius(0.715)() }, color: { legend: true }, marks: [ // grey discs Plot.geo([0.7,0.6,0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1], { geometry: (r) => d3.geoCircle().center([0, 90]).radius(r)(), stroke: "black", fill: "grey", strokeOpacity: 0.4, fillOpacity: 0.03, strokeWidth: 0.5 }), // white axes Plot.link(longitude.domain(), { x1: longitude, y1: 90 - 0.67, x2: 0, y2: 90, stroke: "white", strokeOpacity: 0.7, strokeWidth: 2.5 }), // tick labels Plot.text([0.1,0.2,0.3, 0.4, 0.5,0.6], { x: 180, y: (d) => 90 - d, dx: 2, textAnchor: "start", text: (d) => `${100 * d}%`, fill: "currentColor", stroke: "white", fontSize: 10 }), // axes labels Plot.text(longitude.domain(), { x: longitude, y: 90 - 0.7, text: Plot.identity, lineWidth: 5 }), // areas Plot.area(pointsss.filter(d => checkboxesradar.includes(d.name)), { x1: ({ key }) => longitude(key), y1: ({ value }) => 90 - value, x2: 0, y2: 90, fill: "name", fillOpacity: 0.3, //Comentar en caso de arreglar el metodo de hacerlo interactivo con css stroke: "name", title: "name", curve: "cardinal-closed" }), // points Plot.dot(pointsss.filter(d => checkboxesradar.includes(d.name)), { x: ({ key }) => longitude(key), y: ({ value }) => 90 - value, fill: "name", stroke: "white" }), // interactive labels Plot.text( pointsss.filter(d => checkboxesradar.includes(d.name)), Plot.pointer({ x: ({ key }) => longitude(key), y: ({ value }) => 90 - value, text: (d) => `${(100 * d.value).toFixed(0)}%`, textAnchor: "start", dx: 4, fill: "currentColor", stroke: "white", maxRadius: 10 }) ), /*// interactive opacity on the areas () => svg``*/ ] }); 37:T54b,rename = new Map([ ["Antigua and Barbuda", "Antigua and Barb."], ["Bolivia (Plurinational State of)", "Bolivia"], ["Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bosnia and Herz."], ["Central African Republic", "Central African Rep."], ["Cook Islands", "Cook Is."], ["Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "North Korea"], ["Democratic Republic of Congo", "Dem. Rep. Congo"], ["Dominican Republic", "Dominican Rep."], ["Equatorial Guinea", "Eq. Guinea"], ["Eswatini", "eSwatini"], // formerly known as Swaziland ["Iran (Islamic Republic of)", "Iran"], ["Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Laos"], ["Marshall Islands", "Marshall Is."], ["Republic of Korea", "South Korea"], ["Russian Federation", "Russia"], ["Saint Kitts and Nevis", "St. Kitts and Nevis"], ["Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "St. Vin. and Gren."], ["Sao Tome and Principe", "São Tomé and Principe"], ["Solomon Islands", "Solomon Is."], ["South Sudan", "S. Sudan"], ["Syrian Arab Republic", "Syria"], ["Türkiye", "Turkey"], ["United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", "United Kingdom"], ["United Republic of Tanzania", "Tanzania"], ["Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)", "Venezuela"], ["Viet Nam", "Vietnam"], ["occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem", "Palestine"], ["United States", "United States of America"] ])38:T589,worldBankCategories = [ { 'East Asia and Pacific': ["China", "Japan", "South Korea", "Hong Kong", "Taiwan", "Mongolia"], 'Europe and Central Asia': ["Albania", "Andorra", "Armenia", "Austria", "Azerbaijan", "Belarus", "Belgium", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Bulgaria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Czechia", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Faroe Islands", "Finland", "France", "Georgia", "Germany", "Greece", "Greenland", "Hungary", "Iceland", "Ireland", "Italy", "Kazakhstan", "Kosovo", "Kyrgyzstan", "Latvia", "Liechtenstein", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Malta", "Moldova", "Monaco", "Montenegro", "Netherlands", "North Macedonia", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Russia", "San Marino", "Serbia", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Switzerland", "Turkey", "Ukraine", "United Kingdom"], 'Latin America & the Caribbean': ["Argentina", "Bolivia", "Brazil", "Chile", "Colombia", "Costa Rica", "Cuba", "Dominican Republic", "Ecuador", "El Salvador", "Guatemala", "Honduras", "Mexico", "Nicaragua", "Panama", "Paraguay", "Peru", "Uruguay", "Venezuela"], 'Middle East and North Africa': ["Afghanistan", "Bahrain", "Egypt", "Iran", "Iraq", "Israel", "Jordan", "Kuwait", "Lebanon", "Oman", "Palestine", "Qatar", "Saudi Arabia", "Syria", "United Arab Emirates", "Yemen"], 'South Asia': ["Bangladesh", "India", "Nepal", "Pakistan", "Sri Lanka"], 'North America': ["Canada", "United States"] } ];39:T4b55,world3 = { return { name:"World", children:[ {name:"High income", children:[ {name: "Panama", value: 284.143, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Austria", value: 1906.985, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Czechia", value: 1445.188, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Hungary", value: 1276.431, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Liechtenstein", value: 4.567, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Slovakia", value: 632.587, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Switzerland", value: 2090.112, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Japan", value: 33153.129, zone: "High income"}, {name: "South Korea", value: 7314.663, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Taiwan", value: 3420.896, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Estonia", value: 368.566, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Latvia", value: 630.248, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Lithuania", value: 1033.403, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Poland", value: 3085.318, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Seychelles", value: 14.103, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Canada", value: 15031.196, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Greenland", value: 31.372, zone: "High income"}, {name: "United States", value: 161275.016, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Denmark", value: 1875.227, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Faroe Islands", value: 31.11, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Finland", value: 1647.094, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Iceland", value: 128.322, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Norway", value: 1426.043, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Sweden", value: 3297.979, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Curaçao", value: 574.829, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Hong Kong", value: 689.253, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Isle of Man", value: 0, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Macao", value: 54.379, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Romania", value: 2807.696, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Saint Martin (French part)", value: 0, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Sint Maarten (Dutch part)", value: 70.289, zone: "High income"}, {name: "American Samoa", value: 0, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Australia", value: 5863.383, zone: "High income"}, {name: "French Polynesia", value: 30.713, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Nauru", value: 4.917, zone: "High income"}, {name: "New Caledonia", value: 98.397, zone: "High income"}, {name: "New Zealand", value: 867.072, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Chile", value: 1609.764, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Guyana", value: 28.186, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Guyana", value: 103.09, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Uruguay", value: 350.646, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Brunei", value: 96.664, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Singapore", value: 1725.338, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Croatia", value: 664.501, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Greece", value: 2019.096, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Slovenia", value: 385.298, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Bahrain", value: 217.097, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Cyprus", value: 261.932, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Israel", value: 1342.292, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Kuwait", value: 2078.376, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Oman", value: 349.892, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Qatar", value: 320.479, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Saudi Arabia", value: 10170.182, zone: "High income"}, {name: "United Arab Emirates", value: 1412.684, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Andorra", value: 15.484, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Portugal", value: 1573.951, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Spain", value: 7685.895, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Italy", value: 13635.771, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Malta", value: 95.631, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Antigua and Barbuda", value: 22.002, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Aruba", value: 76.866, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Bahamas", value: 167.1, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Barbados", value: 50.304, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Bermuda", value: 29.463, zone: "High income"}, {name: "British Virgin Islands", value: 5.674, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Puerto Rico", value: 0, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Saint Kitts and Nevis", value: 6.595, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Trinidad and Tobago", value: 429.176, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Turks and Caicos Islands", value: 6.436, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Virgin Islands (U.S.)", value: 0, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Belgium", value: 3437.206, zone: "High income"}, {name: "France", value: 15350.882, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Germany", value: 19852.715, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Ireland", value: 983.217, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Luxembourg", value: 306.116, zone: "High income"}, {name: "Netherlands", value: 3948.477, zone: "High income"}, {name: "United Kingdom", value: 13545.631, zone: "High income"}, ] }, {name:"Low income", children:[ {name: "Burundi", value: 12.729, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Central African Republic", value: 10.814, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Chad", value: 31.964, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Congo", value: 61.839, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Rwanda", value: 29.501, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "North Korea", value: 266.4, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Eritrea", value: 17.442, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Ethiopia", value: 226.919, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Somalia", value: 33.384, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Uganda", value: 103.963, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Madagascar", value: 83.955, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Sudan", value: 444.27, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "South Sudan", value: 40.563, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Afghanistan", value: 131.577, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Syria", value: 1423.683, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Yemen", value: 595.083, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Malawi", value: 36.258, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Mozambique", value: 108.117, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Burkina Faso", value: 67.64, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Gambia", value: 14.951, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Guinea-Bissau", value: 10.497, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Liberia", value: 51.266, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Mali", value: 65.313, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Niger", value: 37.219, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Sierra Leone", value: 37.742, zone: "Low income"}, {name: "Togo", value: 46.448, zone: "Low income"} ] }, {name:"Lower middle income", children:[ {name: "Honduras", value: 245.418, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Nicaragua", value: 172.694, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Kyrgyzstan", value: 313.162, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Tajikistan", value: 251.474, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Uzbekistan", value: 1640.828, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Djibouti", value: 18.647, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Kenya", value: 409.092, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Tanzania", value: 189.336, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Ukraine", value: 6740.762, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Comoros", value: 5.63, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Algeria", value: 1653.702, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Egypt", value: 3748.122, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Morocco", value: 1125.293, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Tunisia", value: 529.056, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Mongolia", value: 118.871, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Congo. Rep.", value: 135.609, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "East Timor", value: 6.911, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Zambia", value: 120.615, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Kiribati", value: 2.167, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Micronesia (country)", value: 4.447, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Papua New Guinea", value: 169.378, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Samoa", value: 7.142, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Solomon Islands", value: 10.758, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Vanuatu", value: 4.741, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Bolivia", value: 325.063, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Bangladesh", value: 464.226, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Bhutan", value: 9.311, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "India", value: 14798.263, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Nepal", value: 102.162, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Pakistan", value: 2204.712, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Sri Lanka", value: 432.804, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Cambodia", value: 129.746, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Myanmar", value: 390.525, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Philippines", value: 2253.888, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Vietnam", value: 1408.498, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Iran", value: 9529.275, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Jordan", value: 567.127, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Lebanon", value: 666.731, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Angola", value: 346.826, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Eswatini", value: 21.25, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Lesotho", value: 15.218, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Zimbabwe", value: 150.934, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Haiti", value: 73.236, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Benin", value: 110.507, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Cameroon", value: 192.087, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Cape Verde", value: 14.983, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Cote dIvoire", value: 264.325, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Ghana", value: 324.679, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Guinea", value: 92.929, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Mauritania", value: 79.802, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Nigeria", value: 1805.57, zone: "Lower middle income"}, {name: "Senegal", value: 197.629, zone: "Lower middle income"} ] }, {name:"Undefined", children:[ {name: "Mayotte", value: 6.78, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Reunion", value: 85.631, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Saint Pierre and Miquelon", value: 3.258, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Western Sahara", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Svalbard and Jan Mayen", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Aland Islands", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Antarctica", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba", value: 8.627, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Guernsey", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Jersey", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Palestine", value: 62.927, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Saint Helena", value: 0.4, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Cook Islands", value: 2.437, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Niue", value: 0.302, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Wallis and Futuna", value: 0.773, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Falkland Islands", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Venezuela", value: 3965.26, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Christmas Island", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Laos", value: 60.041, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Turkey", value: 3870.462, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Anguilla", value: 3.588, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Guadeloupe", value: 75.59, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Martinique", value: 90.481, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Montserrat", value: 1.608, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Netherlands Antilles", value: 0, zone: "No data"}, {name: "Sao Tome and Principe", value: 3.51, zone: "No data"} ] }, {name:"Upper middle income", children:[ {name: "Belize", value: 19.775, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Costa Rica", value: 238.342, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "El Salvador", value: 221.282, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Guatemala", value: 372.963, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Mexico", value: 13460.022, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Kazakhstan", value: 2841.007, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Turkmenistan", value: 979.725, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "China", value: 34491.543, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Belarus", value: 2976.126, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Moldova", value: 700.346, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Mauritius", value: 88.076, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Libya", value: 1302.929, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Russia", value: 33219.816, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Montenegro", value: 31.637, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Serbia", value: 467.78, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Fiji", value: 46.586, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Marshall Islands", value: 3.575, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Palau", value: 10.814, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Tonga", value: 4.57, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Tuvalu", value: 0.287, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Argentina", value: 4740.281, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Brazil", value: 11446.671, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Colombia", value: 1831.986, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Ecuador", value: 1079.825, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Paraguay", value: 176.564, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Peru", value: 1427.144, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Suriname", value: 114.416, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Maldives", value: 27.453, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Indonesia", value: 7267.839, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Malaysia", value: 2708.527, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Thailand", value: 3928.024, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Albania", value: 185.838, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Bosnia and Herzegovina", value: 168.619, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Bulgaria", value: 1219.407, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "North Macedonia", value: 199.361, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Armenia", value: 158.328, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Azerbaijan", value: 1377.453, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Georgia", value: 313.867, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Iraq", value: 3459.361, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Botswana", value: 64.897, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Namibia", value: 72.693, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "South Africa", value: 2478.984, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Cuba", value: 1522.305, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Dominica", value: 4.981, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Dominican Republic", value: 635.134, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Grenada", value: 8.571, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Jamaica", value: 436.597, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Saint Lucia", value: 14.872, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", value: 7.157, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Equatorial Guinea", value: 27.188, zone: "Upper middle income"}, {name: "Gabon", value: 106.692, zone: "Upper middle income"} ] } ] } } 3a:T518b,world2 = { return { name:"World", children:[ {name:"Central Africa", children:[ {name: "Burundi", value: 12.729, zone: "Central Africa"}, {name: "Central African Republic", value: 10.814, zone: "Central Africa"}, {name: "Chad", value: 31.964, zone: "Central Africa"}, {name: "Congo", value: 61.839, zone: "Central Africa"}, {name: "Rwanda", value: 29.501, zone: "Central Africa"}, ] }, {name:"Central America", children:[ {name: "Belize", value: 19.775, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "Costa Rica", value: 238.342, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "El Salvador", value: 221.282, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "Guatemala", value: 372.963, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "Honduras", value: 245.418, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "Mexico", value: 13460.022, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "Nicaragua", value: 172.694, zone: "Central America"}, {name: "Panama", value: 284.143, zone: "Central America"} ] }, {name:"Central Asia", children:[ {name: "Kazakhstan", value: 2841.007, zone: "Central Asia"}, {name: "Kyrgyzstan", value: 313.162, zone: "Central Asia"}, {name: "Tajikistan", value: 251.474, zone: "Central Asia"}, {name: "Turkmenistan", value: 979.725, zone: "Central Asia"}, {name: "Uzbekistan", value: 1640.828, zone: "Central Asia"} ] }, {name:"Central Europe", children:[ {name: "Austria", value: 1906.985, zone: "Central Europe"}, {name: "Czechia", value: 1445.188, zone: "Central Europe"}, {name: "Hungary", value: 1276.431, zone: "Central Europe"}, {name: "Liechtenstein", value: 4.567, zone: "Central Europe"}, {name: "Slovakia", value: 632.587, zone: "Central Europe"}, {name: "Switzerland", value: 2090.112, zone: "Central Europe"} ] }, {name:"East Asia", children:[ {name: "China", value: 34491.543, zone: "East Asia"}, {name: "Japan", value: 33153.129, zone: "East Asia"}, {name: "North Korea", value: 266.4, zone: "East Asia"}, {name: "South Korea", value: 7314.663, zone: "East Asia"}, {name: "Taiwan", value: 3420.896, zone: "East Asia"} ] }, {name:"Eastern Africa", children:[ {name: "Djibouti", value: 18.647, zone: "Eastern Africa"}, {name: "Eritrea", value: 17.442, zone: "Eastern Africa"}, {name: "Ethiopia", value: 226.919, zone: "Eastern Africa"}, {name: "Kenya", value: 409.092, zone: "Eastern Africa"}, {name: "Somalia", value: 33.384, zone: "Eastern Africa"}, {name: "Tanzania", value: 189.336, zone: "Eastern Africa"}, {name: "Uganda", value: 103.963, zone: "Eastern Africa"} ] }, {name:"Eastern Europe", children:[ {name: "Belarus", value: 2976.126, zone: "Eastern Europe"}, {name: "Estonia", value: 368.566, zone: "Eastern Europe"}, {name: "Latvia", value: 630.248, zone: "Eastern Europe"}, {name: "Lithuania", value: 1033.403, zone: "Eastern Europe"}, {name: "Moldova", value: 700.346, zone: "Eastern Europe"}, {name: "Poland", value: 3085.318, zone: "Eastern Europe"}, {name: "Ukraine", value: 6740.762, zone: "Eastern Europe"} ] }, {name:"Indian Ocean", children:[ {name: "Comoros", value: 5.63, zone: "Indian Ocean"}, {name: "Madagascar", value: 83.955, zone: "Indian Ocean"}, {name: "Mauritius", value: 88.076, zone: "Indian Ocean"}, {name: "Mayotte", value: 6.78, zone: "Indian Ocean"}, {name: "Reunion", value: 85.631, zone: "Indian Ocean"}, {name: "Seychelles", value: 14.103, zone: "Indian Ocean"} ] }, {name:"North America", children:[ {name: "Canada", value: 15031.196, zone: "North America"}, {name: "Greenland", value: 31.372, zone: "North America"}, {name: "Saint Pierre and Miquelon", value: 3.258, zone: "North America"}, {name: "United States", value: 161275.016, zone: "North America"} ] }, {name:"Northern Africa", children:[ {name: "Algeria", value: 1653.702, zone: "Northern Africa"}, {name: "Egypt", value: 3748.122, zone: "Northern Africa"}, {name: "Libya", value: 1302.929, zone: "Northern Africa"}, {name: "Morocco", value: 1125.293, zone: "Northern Africa"}, {name: "Sudan", value: 444.27, zone: "Northern Africa"}, {name: "Tunisia", value: 529.056, zone: "Northern Africa"}, {name: "Western Sahara", value: 0, zone: "Northern Africa"} ] }, {name:"Northern Asia", children:[ {name: "Mongolia", value: 118.871, zone: "Northern Asia"}, {name: "Russia", value: 33219.816, zone: "Northern Asia"} ] }, {name:"Northern Europe", children:[ {name: "Denmark", value: 1875.227, zone: "Northern Europe"}, {name: "Faroe Islands", value: 31.11, zone: "Northern Europe"}, {name: "Finland", value: 1647.094, zone: "Northern Europe"}, {name: "Iceland", value: 128.322, zone: "Northern Europe"}, {name: "Norway", value: 1426.043, zone: "Northern Europe"}, {name: "Svalbard and Jan Mayen", value: 0, zone: "Northern Europe"}, {name: "Sweden", value: 3297.979, zone: "Northern Europe"} ] }, {name:"Other", children:[ {name: "Aland Islands", value: 0, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Antarctica", value: 0, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba", value: 8.627, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Curacao", value: 574.829, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Democratic Republic of Congo", value: 135.609, zone: "Other"}, {name: "East Timor", value: 6.911, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Guernsey", value: 0, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Hong Kong", value: 689.253, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Isle of Man", value: 0, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Jersey", value: 0, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Macao", value: 54.379, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Montenegro", value: 31.637, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Palestine", value: 62.927, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Romania", value: 2807.696, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Saint Helena", value: 0.4, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Saint Martin (French part)", value: 0, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Serbia", value: 467.78, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Sint Maarten (Dutch part)", value: 70.289, zone: "Other"}, {name: "South Sudan", value: 40.563, zone: "Other"}, {name: "Zambia", value: 120.615, zone: "Other"} ] }, {name:"Pacific", children:[ {name: "American Samoa", value: 0, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Australia", value: 5863.383, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Cook Islands", value: 2.437, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Fiji", value: 46.586, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "French Polynesia", value: 30.713, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Kiribati", value: 2.167, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Marshall Islands", value: 3.575, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Micronesia (country)", value: 4.447, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Nauru", value: 4.917, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "New Caledonia", value: 98.397, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "New Zealand", value: 867.072, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Niue", value: 0.302, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Palau", value: 10.814, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Papua New Guinea", value: 169.378, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Samoa", value: 7.142, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Solomon Islands", value: 10.758, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Tonga", value: 4.57, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Tuvalu", value: 0.287, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Vanuatu", value: 4.741, zone: "Pacific"}, {name: "Wallis and Futuna", value: 0.773, zone: "Pacific"} ] }, {name:"South America", children:[ {name: "Argentina", value: 4740.281, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Bolivia", value: 325.063, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Brazil", value: 11446.671, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Chile", value: 1609.764, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Colombia", value: 1831.986, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Ecuador", value: 1079.825, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Falkland Islands", value: 0, zone: "South America"}, {name: "French Guiana", value: 28.186, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Guyana", value: 103.09, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Paraguay", value: 176.564, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Peru", value: 1427.144, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Suriname", value: 114.416, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Uruguay", value: 350.646, zone: "South America"}, {name: "Venezuela", value: 3965.26, zone: "South America"} ] }, {name:"South Asia", children:[ {name: "Afghanistan", value: 131.577, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "Bangladesh", value: 464.226, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "Bhutan", value: 9.311, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "India", value: 14798.263, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "Maldives", value: 27.453, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "Nepal", value: 102.162, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "Pakistan", value: 2204.712, zone: "South Asia"}, {name: "Sri Lanka", value: 432.804, zone: "South Asia"} ] }, {name:"South East Asia", children:[ {name: "Brunei", value: 96.664, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Cambodia", value: 129.746, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Christmas Island", value: 0, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Indonesia", value: 7267.839, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Laos", value: 60.041, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Malaysia", value: 2708.527, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Myanmar", value: 390.525, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Philippines", value: 2253.888, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Singapore", value: 1725.338, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Thailand", value: 3928.024, zone: "South East Asia"}, {name: "Vietnam", value: 1408.498, zone: "South East Asia"} ] }, {name:"South East Europe", children:[ {name: "Albania", value: 185.838, zone: "South East Europe"}, {name: "Bosnia and Herzegovina", value: 168.619, zone: "South East Europe"}, {name: "Bulgaria", value: 1219.407, zone: "South East Europe"}, {name: "Croatia", value: 664.501, zone: "South East Europe"}, {name: "Greece", value: 2019.096, zone: "South East Europe"}, {name: "North Macedonia", value: 199.361, zone: "South East Europe"}, {name: "Slovenia", value: 385.298, zone: "South East Europe"} ] }, {name:"South West Asia", children:[ {name: "Armenia", value: 158.328, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Azerbaijan", value: 1377.453, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Bahrain", value: 217.097, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Cyprus", value: 261.932, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Georgia", value: 313.867, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Iran", value: 9529.275, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Iraq", value: 3459.361, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Israel", value: 1342.292, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Jordan", value: 567.127, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Kuwait", value: 2078.376, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Lebanon", value: 666.731, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Oman", value: 349.892, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Qatar", value: 320.479, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Saudi Arabia", value: 10170.182, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Syria", value: 1423.683, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Turkey", value: 3870.462, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "United Arab Emirates", value: 1412.684, zone: "South West Asia"}, {name: "Yemen", value: 595.083, zone: "South West Asia"} ] }, {name:"South West Europe", children:[ {name: "Andorra", value: 15.484, zone: "South West Europe"}, {name: "Portugal", value: 1573.951, zone: "South West Europe"}, {name: "Spain", value: 7685.895, zone: "South West Europe"} ] }, {name:"Southern Africa", children:[ {name: "Angola", value: 346.826, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Botswana", value: 64.897, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Eswatini", value: 21.25, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Lesotho", value: 15.218, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Malawi", value: 36.258, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Mozambique", value: 108.117, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Namibia", value: 72.693, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "South Africa", value: 2478.984, zone: "Southern Africa"}, {name: "Zimbabwe", value: 150.934, zone: "Southern Africa"} ] }, {name:"Southern Europe", children:[ {name: "Italy", value: 13635.771, zone: "Southern Europe"}, {name: "Malta", value: 95.631, zone: "Southern Europe"} ] }, {name:"West Indies", children:[ {name: "Anguilla", value: 3.588, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Antigua and Barbuda", value: 22.002, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Aruba", value: 76.866, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Bahamas", value: 167.1, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Barbados", value: 50.304, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Bermuda", value: 29.463, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "British Virgin Islands", value: 5.674, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Cuba", value: 1522.305, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Dominica", value: 4.981, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Dominican Republic", value: 635.134, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Grenada", value: 8.571, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Guadeloupe", value: 75.59, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Haiti", value: 73.236, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Jamaica", value: 436.597, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Martinique", value: 90.481, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Montserrat", value: 1.608, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Netherlands Antilles", value: 0, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Puerto Rico", value: 0, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Saint Kitts and Nevis", value: 6.595, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Saint Lucia", value: 14.872, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", value: 7.157, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Trinidad and Tobago", value: 429.176, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "Turks and Caicos Islands", value: 6.436, zone: "West Indies"}, {name: "United States Virgin Islands", value: 0, zone: "West Indies"} ] }, {name:"Western Africa", children:[ {name: "Benin", value: 110.507, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Burkina Faso", value: 67.64, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Cameroon", value: 192.087, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Cape Verde", value: 14.983, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Cote dIvoire", value: 264.325, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Equatorial Guinea", value: 27.188, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Gabon", value: 106.692, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Gambia", value: 14.951, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Ghana", value: 324.679, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Guinea", value: 92.929, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Guinea-Bissau", value: 10.497, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Liberia", value: 51.266, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Mali", value: 65.313, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Mauritania", value: 79.802, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Niger", value: 37.219, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Nigeria", value: 1805.57, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Sao Tome and Principe", value: 3.51, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Senegal", value: 197.629, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Sierra Leone", value: 37.742, zone: "Western Africa"}, {name: "Togo", value: 46.448, zone: "Western Africa"} ] }, {name:"Western Europe", children:[ {name: "Belgium", value: 3437.206, zone: "Western Europe"}, {name: "France", value: 15350.882, zone: "Western Europe"}, {name: "Germany", value: 19852.715, zone: "Western Europe"}, {name: "Ireland", value: 983.217, zone: "Western Europe"}, {name: "Luxembourg", value: 306.116, zone: "Western Europe"}, {name: "Netherlands", value: 3948.477, zone: "Western Europe"}, {name: "United Kingdom", value: 13545.631, zone: "Western Europe"} ] } ] } }3b:T43e,function areaChart( data, { // Required x = "x", y = "y", grouping, // Optional stack = false, // When true, stacks each group width, height, yLabel, yTickFormat, xLabel, xTickFormat, fillOpacity, strokeWidth = 1, scheme = color_scheme } = {} ) { const yParams = stack ? { y } : { y2: y }; fillOpacity = fillOpacity == null && stack ? fillOpacity : 0.8; const stroke = stack ? "white" : grouping == null ? scheme_grey[0] : grouping; scheme = stack ? scheme.slice().reverse() : scheme; return Plot.plot({ width, height, y: { grid: true, label: yLabel, tickFormat: yTickFormat, type: "linear" }, x: { label: xLabel, tickFormat: xTickFormat }, color: { legend: true, range: scheme }, marks: [ Plot.areaY(data, { ...yParams, x, fill: grouping == null ? scheme_grey[0] : grouping, fillOpacity, curve: "basis", interval: d3.utcYear, stroke, strokeWidth, }), Plot.ruleY([0]) ] }); }3c:[{"id":"7bd89f79e8c855cc7ede29fa4d9dabafe65132cde0a516751354429e39bcc95ded6b1f09946be124c5466d1a69364e03e929cc83b405705fcfdf714c86dfa2d9","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/7bd89f79e8c855cc7ede29fa4d9dabafe65132cde0a516751354429e39bcc95ded6b1f09946be124c5466d1a69364e03e929cc83b405705fcfdf714c86dfa2d9","name":"Mundi.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1704620723662.487,"size":998137},{"id":"7bd89f79e8c855cc7ede29fa4d9dabafe65132cde0a516751354429e39bcc95ded6b1f09946be124c5466d1a69364e03e929cc83b405705fcfdf714c86dfa2d9","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/7bd89f79e8c855cc7ede29fa4d9dabafe65132cde0a516751354429e39bcc95ded6b1f09946be124c5466d1a69364e03e929cc83b405705fcfdf714c86dfa2d9","name":"Mundi@1.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1704620733948.973,"size":998137},{"id":"1f6a165949793643824d25ddba5f35fb306cbf27b56c72abb25ff587189a833b70354e70f985b2bb9350a1c963b2734ef104b92d3277573c641d1b1d7792cfe6","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1f6a165949793643824d25ddba5f35fb306cbf27b56c72abb25ff587189a833b70354e70f985b2bb9350a1c963b2734ef104b92d3277573c641d1b1d7792cfe6","name":"data_scatter3.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1704631402225.645,"size":14545},{"id":"f7e8914689db56bd9ec0f6b9633204018f7d6e056380b1fc297f1761f06e38bbde830a6a03d5da9439a058dec34628fb2ed427ce1e961adbdb5cd2c40156b3cd","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/f7e8914689db56bd9ec0f6b9633204018f7d6e056380b1fc297f1761f06e38bbde830a6a03d5da9439a058dec34628fb2ed427ce1e961adbdb5cd2c40156b3cd","name":"worldbank.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1704384452522.696,"size":2140},{"id":"53085fc16f66e9136c3fdf69a6061e12c8f1e1de6d5a9715bbddd7e28285c33f075a64713419070d43bbf6aac23ee1afbfe0da0d837110c56d0b00c554b15c7f","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/53085fc16f66e9136c3fdf69a6061e12c8f1e1de6d5a9715bbddd7e28285c33f075a64713419070d43bbf6aac23ee1afbfe0da0d837110c56d0b00c554b15c7f","name":"owid-co2-data@2.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1704738337630.861,"size":10462608},{"id":"76bbc258075cec81a60f7494209e921c2c0e1181319b2501b6142e253bb5309b5a3b46ae0f9e97be47415cae2a4771618736218a9d9ee21f259996fdbdef1b76","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/76bbc258075cec81a60f7494209e921c2c0e1181319b2501b6142e253bb5309b5a3b46ae0f9e97be47415cae2a4771618736218a9d9ee21f259996fdbdef1b76","name":"image.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1706042397312.48,"size":1018339},{"id":"14563d6f91ce4dc68e8cdc476c01ac49fc944a10e2cf849f21336df70cb1fc6b023ced9a10054f56f78362bb8ef023ecfc3d558836441b78070c85d8572761f1","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/14563d6f91ce4dc68e8cdc476c01ac49fc944a10e2cf849f21336df70cb1fc6b023ced9a10054f56f78362bb8ef023ecfc3d558836441b78070c85d8572761f1","name":"data_scatter4@3.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1705668558764.415,"size":13918},{"id":"14563d6f91ce4dc68e8cdc476c01ac49fc944a10e2cf849f21336df70cb1fc6b023ced9a10054f56f78362bb8ef023ecfc3d558836441b78070c85d8572761f1","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/14563d6f91ce4dc68e8cdc476c01ac49fc944a10e2cf849f21336df70cb1fc6b023ced9a10054f56f78362bb8ef023ecfc3d558836441b78070c85d8572761f1","name":"data_scatter5.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1705669197195.468,"size":13918},{"id":"838582a95407e26b8b735a9ea80668867a0e2365ae0eb7efdf8c31d0b6423c3d7857890437a87d4800c9eeaf788bf8462a6367687318d5f74b83841b78f1c914","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/838582a95407e26b8b735a9ea80668867a0e2365ae0eb7efdf8c31d0b6423c3d7857890437a87d4800c9eeaf788bf8462a6367687318d5f74b83841b78f1c914","name":"data_scatter6.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1705669608811.609,"size":13918}] 2f:{"title":"Unveiling the Global Impact of the Oil Industry on CO2 Emissions","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Unveiling the Global Impact of the Oil Industry on CO2 Emissions\n**_Assessing oil's carbon footprint and comparing it to alternative fueling sources as potential solutions for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions._**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3251,"value":"![image.png](${await FileAttachment(\"image.png\").url()})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":5,"value":"## Abstract\nIn an era marked by increasing environmental concerns, the carbon footprint has become the main indicator to measure the environmental impact of various human activities. On this research project, we are putting the oil industry under the lense to highlight its environmental impact.\n\nThis analysis also aims to unravel the particular contribution of multiple countries to global gas emissions by visualizing pertinent data, fostering an understanding of the somewhat responsibility of the role of countries and economies in the current situation. Being aware of the situation is a very good first step to finding paths to a sustainable future.\n\nData source: [Data on CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions](https://github.com/owid/co2-data) by Our World in Data.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2321,"value":"toc({\n title: \"Summary\",\n headers: 'h2, h3, h4',\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2472,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":185,"value":"---\n## What's the impact of the oil industry on CO2 emissions?\nSince the mid-1900s, our reliance on oil for transportation has been undeniable. Despite having been the driving force of evolution and modernisation of mobility, the oil industry is also one of the main culprits behind the release of billions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This raises a critical question: What is the carbon footprint of the oil industry? Let's shed some light.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2041,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2283,"value":"Looking at data from 2022, the oil industry stands out as the **second highest CO2 emitter** among all the sources contributing to our global carbon emissions, releasing a staggering **11.878 million tonnes of carbon dioxide** into the atmosphere. This substantial contribution to ghg emissions and global warming has earned oil a premium membership in the infamous club of \"dirty energies\". Beyond its role in climate change, oil's environmental footprint extends to a range of detrimental impacts, including air pollution, water contamination, and soil erosion.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2950,"value":"miniPlots = html`\n

${[tree1()]}

${[doughn1()]}

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2462,"value":"The **oil industry** accounts for **${oil_emissions_percentage}%** of our total carbon emissions.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2484,"value":"So, we've pinpointed a significant problem here. The oil industry plays a major role in releasing millions of greenhouse gas emissions and driving climate change. It's crucial that we step up and do something about it, working to dial down the insane amount of gases it releases every year. But when we talk about the oil industry, who exactly are we pointing fingers at? Who should be taking responsibility for this? Let's find out.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2227,"value":"---\n## Identifying the main oil-CO2 emitters among world nations \nEvery country bears its unique responsibility in addressing this issue, and each must carve its own path towards a global solution. By taking a look at the cumulative oil CO2 emissions by country and region, we can identify the specific efforts and implications that the global community should expect from each country:\n\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3011,"value":"key2 = Swatches(chart3.scales.color, {columns: \"180px\"})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3007,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3040,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2497,"value":"As you can see, the most industrialized countries are the ones contributing the most to our global oil related CO2 emissions. Countries like the **United States**, **China**, **Russia**, **Japan**, **Germany**, and **Canada** are eating up a fairly large amount of our world's carbon budget, so in an ideal world, one could expect these nations to be the leading forces working together a global solution for mitigating climate change. \n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3054,"value":"According to the [U.S. Energy Information Administration](https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=709&t=6), the top 6 oil-producing countries (% share of world total) in the world are:","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3063,"value":"table([\n {Country: 'United States', Share_of_World_Supply: '21%'},\n {Country: 'Saudi Arabia', Share_of_World_Supply: '13%'},\n {Country: 'Russia', Share_of_World_Supply: '10%'},\n {Country: 'Canada', Share_of_World_Supply: '6%'},\n {Country: 'Iraq', Share_of_World_Supply: '5%'},\n {Country: 'China', Share_of_World_Supply: '5%'}\n]) ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":628,"value":"Plot.plot({\n width: width,\n height: 420,\n y: {grid: true,\n label: \"↑ Annual CO₂ emissions from oil (in million tonnes)\",},\n x: {label: \"By year\"},\n color: {legend: true, columns: 6},\n marks: [\n Plot.areaY(stacked_data, {x: \"year\", y: \"oil_co2\", fill: \"country\", fillOpacity: 1, title: \"country\"}),\n Plot.ruleY([0])\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3074,"value":"Over the past year, the **Top 6 oil-producing countries** emitted **${producersOilCO2.toFixed(2)} million tonnes** of oil-derived CO2. This represents the **${(producersOilCO2/totalOilCO2).toFixed(2)*100}%** of the world's total emissions.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2342,"value":"---\n## How have CO2 emissions from the oil industry evolved over time?\nNow that we know which countries are responsible for oil-related CO2 emissions (and by how much!), we can zoom out and study how those emissions have evolved over time:","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":532,"value":"viewof form = Inputs.form({\n date_filter: interval([1750, 2022], {\n step: 1,\n value: [1900, 2022],\n label: 'Date filter:',\n }),\n select_count: Inputs.select(new Map([[\"Per country\", \"oil_co2\"], [\"Per capita\", \"oil_co2_per_capita\"], [\"Cumulative\", \"cumulative_oil_co2\"]]), {value: \"Per country\", label: \"Count type:\"}),\n selected: searchCheckbox(\n countries,\n {\n value: stacked_countries, \n label: \"Filter by countries:\",\n height: 100\n }\n )\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":547,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2351,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1409,"value":"## How did the different countries contribute to oil-related CO2 emissions in the year 2022?\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2606,"value":"In 2022, various events have influenced oil production, subsequently affecting associated CO2 emissions:\n- **Post-pandemic economic recovery**: The increase in energy demand as economies recovered from the pandemic could have affected oil production and associated emissions.\n- **COP27 Climate Summit**: Held in November 2022, COP27 brought a heightened focus on emissions reduction and the transition to renewable energy, influencing global environmental and energy policies.\n- **Fluctuations in oil prices**: Variations in oil prices affected profitability and production decisions in countries heavily reliant on the oil industry.\n- **National commitments to carbon neutrality**: Some countries announced ambitious goals for achieving carbon neutrality in the coming decades, potentially impacting oil production strategies.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1328,"value":"choropleth = Plot.plot({\n width: 928,\n projection: { type: \"equal-earth\", rotate: [-10, 0] },\n color: {\n type: \"quantize\",\n scheme: \"BuYlRd\",\n n: 10,\n unknown: \"#ddd\",\n label: \"Co2 emissions from the oil sector in 2022 (%)\",\n legend: true,\n width: 360\n },\n marks: [\n Plot.sphere({ fill: \"#f0faff\", stroke: \"currentColor\" }),\n Plot.geo(landmundi, { fill: \"currentColor\", dx: 1, dy: 1 }), // shade\n Plot.graticule(),\n Plot.geo(countriesmundi, {\n fill: (d) => normalizedByNameMap.get(d.properties.name)?.value,\n stroke: \"currentColor\",\n strokeWidth: 0.25,\n title: (d) => `${d.properties.name}: ${normalizedByNameMap.get(d.properties.name)?.value.toFixed(1) ?? \"No data\"}`\n }),\n\n \n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2681,"value":"**Note**: This indicator encompasses various forms of oil, including crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (requiring further refining), and NGLs (such as ethane, LPG, and naphtha separated from natural gas production). Exclusions from this category consist of liquid fuels derived from sources like biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. Additionally, it does not incorporate adjustment factors related to liquid fuel, such as refinery processing gain. Notably, solid forms of oil shales or kerogen extraction are also excluded from this definition.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2839,"value":"### So... How did your country do?","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2665,"value":"viewof selected_country = Inputs.select(countries2022, {label: \"Select your country: \", value: \"Spain\"})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2787,"value":"Over the past year, each citizen from **${selected_country}** emitted **${selected_country_emissions} tonnes** of oil-derived CO2. This is **${compare(selected_country_emissions, median)} than** the global median by **${(Math.abs(selected_country_emissions - median).toFixed(2))} tonnes**.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2662,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2361,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1418,"value":"## To what extent does a country's economy correlate with its oil CO2 emissions?\nIn this scatterplot we can see the relationship between gross domestic product - GDP per capita (vertical axis) and accumulated CO2 emissions by 2018\n(horizontal axis), graduated by population (circle size): ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3214,"value":"viewof topEmissions7 = slider({\n min: 0, \n max: 160000, \n step: 100, \n value: 2000, \n title: \"Top emissions\", \n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3219,"value":"viewof topGDP7 = slider({\n min: 0, \n max: 160000, \n step: 1000, \n value: 100000, \n title: \"Top GDP per capita\", \n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3132,"value":"Plot.plot({\n width: 1200,\n height: 500,\n marks: [\n Plot.dot(scat7, {\n x: \"gdp_percapita\", \n y: \"cumulative_oil_co2\", \n fill: \"economic_region\",\n r: \"population\",\n channels: {country: \"country\"},\n label: \"country\",\n tip: true \n })\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3254,"value":"As countries progress economically, their demand for energy grows, and oil, being a highly energy-dense and versatile fuel, plays a pivotal role in meeting this demand. This increased reliance on oil translates directly into higher CO2 emissions.\n\nThe visualization also highlights the significant contrast between developed and developing nations. Developed countries, with their higher GDP per capita, generally exhibit larger cumulative CO2 emissions. This is primarily due to their extensive reliance on oil for transportation, electricity generation, and industrial activities. \n\nHowever, it's important to note that this correlation is not absolute. Some countries like Norway, have managed to achieve high levels of GDP per capita while significantly reducing their CO2 emissions. These countries have successfully implemented policies that promote energy efficiency, renewable energy adoption, and carbon capture and storage technologies.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2366,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1427,"value":"## How are CO2 emissions associated with alternative fueling sources on each World Bank region?\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2688,"value":"In this radar chart, a significant disparity in CO2 emissions is evident among World Bank regions and various fuel sources. East Asia and Pacific lead substantially in coal and cement emissions, while gas and oil emissions are comparable to Europe and Central Asia. North America and Europe show prominent production in flaring, oil, and gas. Other regions exhibit considerably lower emissions. \n\n**Key aspects:**\n- **East Asia and Pacific**, relying heavily on coal and massive construction, leads in coal and cement emissions.\n- **Europe and Central Asia**, with developed industries and resource exploitation, share high emissions in oil and gas.\n- **North America**, similar to Europe, stands out in flaring due to oil and gas extraction.\n \nThese patterns suggest a direct correlation between industrial development, resource availability, and CO2 emissions.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":448,"value":"**Last 10 years Emissions by World Bank region - Radar**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1863,"value":"viewof checkboxesradar = Inputs.checkbox(uniqueNames, { value:[\"Middle East and North Africa\",\"East Asia and Pacific\",\"Europe and Central Asia\", \"North America\"],label: \"Select region\" });","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":966,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":21,"value":"---\n## Final Thoughts\nOil has been a helpful agent for over a century, powering our transportation and enabling the production of countless consumer goods. However, its environmental impact cannot be ignored. As we've proven throughout this research, the oil industry accounts for a large share of the global CO2 emissions, and its lifecycle contributes significantly to climate change.\n\nWe've also shown that the evolution of the oil-related CO2 emissions during this past century is not enough to fight against climate change. So it's mandatory to take action and reduce the oil CO2 emissions in order to secure a healthier future for our planet.\n\nApart from diminishing the huge amount of greenhouse gas emissions, we would also mitigate the oil industry side effects such as oil spills, air pollution, and fracking, that can cause devastating damage to ecosystems and human health. Reducing our reliance on oil would not only protect our planet but also enhance our own well-being.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1357,"value":"-----","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":2714,"value":"\n### Addendum: data, libraries, other ...\n---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1341,"value":"___MapaMundi___","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":759,"value":"import { land50m as landmundi, countries50m as countriesmundi } from \"@visionscarto/geo\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":772,"value":"transformData = (data) => {\n return data.map(entry => ({\n year: new Date(entry.year).getFullYear(),\n country: entry.country,\n value: entry.oil_co2,\n }));\n};","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1263,"value":"function normalize(value, min, max) {\n return (value - min) / (max - min) * 100;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1898,"value":"checkboxesradar","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1266,"value":"min = d3.min(mundi2022, d => d.cumulative_flaring_co2);\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1267,"value":"max = d3.max(mundi2022, d => d.cumulative_flaring_co2);\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1274,"value":"scale = d3.scaleLinear()\n .domain([min, max])\n .range([0, 100]);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1883,"value":"uniqueNames = [...new Set(pointsss.map(d => d.name))];","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1281,"value":"normalizedMundi2022 = mundi2022.map(entry => ({\n ...entry,\n oil_co2: scale(entry.oil_co2)\n}));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1283,"value":"paises = mundi2022.filter(item => !item.country.includes('('));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1293,"value":"mundi2022 = mundi20222.map(entry => {\n const { iso_code, ...rest } = entry;\n return rest;\n});","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1246,"value":"mundi20222 = MundiDatos","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1298,"value":"adjustedMundi2022 = paises.map(entry => ({\n ...entry,\n oil_co2: (entry.oil_co2 / 100) * 100 // Adjust the property accordingly\n}));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1306,"value":"updatedMundi = adjustedMundi2022.map(entry => ({\n year: entry.year,\n country: entry.country,\n value: entry.oil_co2\n}));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1213,"value":"byName0 = d3.index(updatedMundi, (d) => d.country)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1215,"value":"minimalist = Plot.geo(countriesmundi, {\n fill: (d) => byName0.get(d.properties.name)?.value\n}).plot({ projection: \"equirectangular\", color: { scheme: \"blues\", unknown: \"#ccc\" } })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1315,"value":"html`${[...byName0.keys()].filter((name) => !countriesmundi.features.find((d) => d.properties.name === name)).sort().join(\" / \")}`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1318,"value":"$37","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1321,"value":"byName = d3.index(updatedMundi, (d) => rename.get(d.country) ?? d.country)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2555,"value":"byNameArray = Array.from(byName.values());","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2563,"value":"numericEntries = byNameArray.filter(entry => typeof entry.value === 'number' && !isNaN(entry.value));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2559,"value":"totalValuemundi = numericEntries.reduce((total, entry) => total + entry.value, 0);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2561,"value":"normalizedByName = numericEntries.map(entry => ({\n ...entry,\n value: (entry.value / totalValuemundi) * 100\n}));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2568,"value":"normalizedByNameMap = d3.index(normalizedByName, (d) => rename.get(d.country) ?? d.country)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1324,"value":"renamed = Plot.geo(countriesmundi, {\n fill: (d) => normalizedByNameMap.get(d.properties.name)?.value,\n stroke: \"red\",\n strokeWidth: (d) => normalizedByNameMap.get(d.properties.name)?.value ? 0 : 1.5,\n sort: (d) => normalizedByNameMap.get(d.properties.name)?.value,\n title: d => normalizedByNameMap.get(d.properties.name)?.value ? \"\" : d.properties.name,\n}).plot({ projection: \"equirectangular\", color: { unknown: \"lime\", scheme: \"greys\" } })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1326,"value":"Inputs.table(\n [...byName].filter(\n ([name]) => !countriesmundi.features.find((d) => d.properties.name === name)\n )\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1013,"value":"------","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1169,"value":"**Radar**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":961,"value":"longitude = d3.scalePoint(new Set(Plot.valueof(pointsss, \"key\")), [180, -180]).padding(0.5).align(1)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1928,"value":"colorScale = d3.scaleLinear()\n .domain([0, 0.7]) \n .range([\"white\", \"#f0f0f0\"]);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":975,"value":"pointsss = normalizedArray.flatMap(({ name, key, value }) => ({ name, key, value }));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1026,"value":"normalizedArray = filteredArray.map(entry => ({\n ...entry,\n value: entry.value / sumValuesByKeyObject[entry.key]\n}));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1146,"value":"sumValuesByKeyObject = Object.keys(groupedBykey).reduce((result, key) => {\n const sum = groupedBykey[key].reduce((total, entry) => total + entry.value, 0);\n result[key] = sum;\n return result;\n}, {});","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1009,"value":"groupedBykey = filteredArray.reduce((groups, entry) => {\n const key = entry.key;\n if (!groups[key]) {\n groups[key] = [];\n }\n groups[key].push(entry);\n return groups;\n}, {});\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1093,"value":"maxValuesByKey = Object.keys(groupedBykey).reduce((maxValues, key) => {\n maxValues[key] = Math.max(...groupedBykey[key].map(entry => entry.value));\n return maxValues;\n}, {});\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1123,"value":"maxValuesByKey1 = Object.keys(groupedBykey).reduce((maxValues, key) => {\n maxValues[key] = Math.max(...groupedBykey[key].map(entry => entry.value));\n return maxValues;\n}, {});\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":984,"value":"uniqueCategories = [...new Set(filteredArray.map(entry => entry.key))];","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":989,"value":"filteredArray = consolidatedArray.filter(entry => entry.name !== \"Unknown\");\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":856,"value":"consolidatedArray = Object.values(consolidatedData);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":854,"value":"consolidatedData = points.reduce((accumulator, { country, category, year, key, value }) => {\n const uniqueKey = `${category}_${key}`;\n\n if (!accumulator[uniqueKey]) {\n accumulator[uniqueKey] = { name: category, key, value: 0 };\n }\n if (!isNaN(value)) {\n accumulator[uniqueKey].value += value;\n }\n return accumulator;\n}, {});\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":839,"value":"points = datosUltimos10AñosConCategorias.flatMap(({ country, data, category }) =>\n data.flatMap(({ year, coal_co2, oil_co2, gas_co2, cement_co2, flaring_co2 }) => [\n { country, category, year, key: 'coal_co2', value: coal_co2 },\n { country, category, year, key: 'oil_co2', value: oil_co2 },\n { country, category, year, key: 'gas_co2', value: gas_co2 },\n { country, category, year, key: 'cement_co2', value: cement_co2 },\n { country, category, year, key: 'flaring_co2', value: flaring_co2 },\n ])\n);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":828,"value":"function getWorldBankCategory(country) {\n for (const category in worldBankCategories[0]) {\n if (worldBankCategories[0][category].includes(country)) {\n return category;\n }\n }\n return 'Unknown';\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":833,"value":"datosUltimos10AñosConCategorias = Datosutlimos10años1.map(item => {\n const country = item.country;\n const category = getWorldBankCategory(country);\n\n return {\n ...item,\n category\n };\n});","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":514,"value":"$38","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":437,"value":"Datosutlimos10años1 = countriesWithRecentData.map(countryName => {\n const countryData = emissions[countryName].data;\n return {\n country: countryName,\n data: countryData\n .filter(entry => entry.year >= 2013)\n .map(entry => {\n const filteredEntry = { country: countryName };\n columnsNeeded.forEach(column => {\n if (column === 'iso_code') {\n filteredEntry[column] = emissions[countryName].iso_code;\n } else {\n filteredEntry[column] = entry[column];\n }\n });\n return filteredEntry;\n })\n };\n});\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1217,"value":"Datosutlimos10añosmundi = countriesWithRecentData.flatMap(countryName => {\n const countryData = emissions[countryName]?.data; // Use optional chaining to handle undefined\n\n return countryData?.filter(entry => entry.year === 2022).map(entry => {\n const filteredEntry = { year: entry.year, country: countryName };\n columnsNeededformundi.forEach(column => {\n if (column === 'iso_code') {\n filteredEntry[column] = emissions[countryName]?.iso_code;\n } else {\n filteredEntry[column] = entry[column];\n }\n });\n return filteredEntry;\n }) || [];\n});\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1237,"value":"columnsNeededformundi = [\n 'oil_co2',\n 'iso_code'\n];\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1286,"value":"MundiDatos = Datosutlimos10añosmundi.filter(entry => entry.iso_code !== undefined);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":436,"value":"columnsNeeded = [\n 'iso_code',\n 'year',\n 'coal_co2',\n 'oil_co2',\n 'gas_co2',\n 'cement_co2',\n 'flaring_co2',\n 'cumulative_flaring_co2'\n];\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":424,"value":"countriesWithRecentData = Object.keys(emissions).filter(country => {\n const countryData = emissions[country].data;\n const lastYearWithData = Math.max(...countryData.map(entry => entry.year));\n return lastYearWithData >= 2014;\n});\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":209,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1376,"value":"#### Imports","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":19,"value":"import { toc } from \"@nebrius/indented-toc\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":528,"value":"import {interval} from '@mootari/range-slider'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":594,"value":"import {searchCheckbox} from \"@john-guerra/search-checkbox\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":622,"value":"import {StackedAreaChart} from \"@d3/stacked-area-chart\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":665,"value":"import {Treemap} from \"@d3/treemap\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1721,"value":"import {select, slider} from \"@jashkenas/inputs\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2420,"value":"import {Swatches} from \"@d3/color-legend\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2920,"value":"import { doughnut } from '@chrispahm/charts'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3058,"value":"import { table } from \"@gampleman/table\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1386,"value":"#### Variables","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3037,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3020,"value":"**World countries co2 emissions from oil acummulated to 2021, by income region:**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3017,"value":"$39","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3028,"value":"**World countries co2 emissions from oil acummulated to 2021, by geographic region:**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":3032,"value":"$3a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3035,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":269,"value":"emissions = (\n await fetch(\n \"https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/owid-public/data/co2/owid-co2-data.json\"\n )\n).json()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":554,"value":"data_csv = d3.csv(\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/owid/co2-data/master/owid-co2-data.csv\") ","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":561,"value":"//Filtered data used to build the linechart\nfiltered_data = data_csv\n .filter(d => form.selected.includes(d.country) && d.year >= form.date_filter[0] && d.year <= form.date_filter[1])\n .map(d => ({...d, year: new Date(d.year, 0, 1)})); ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1834,"value":"stacked_data = data_csv //Filtered data used to build the linechart \n .filter(d => stacked_countries.includes(d.country) && d.year >= 1850 && d.year <= 2024)\n .map(d => ({...d, year: new Date(d.year, 0, 1)}));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2008,"value":"world_data = data_csv //Filtered data for the global world data\n .filter(d => d.country === \"World\" && d.year >= 1900 && d.year <= 2024)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2236,"value":"countries_data_2022 = data_csv //Filtered data for the global world data\n .filter(d => d.year == 2022 && d.iso_code != \"\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2191,"value":"year_2022_emissions = (() => {\n const year2022Data = world_data.filter(entry => entry.year === \"2022\");\n const groupedEmissions = {};\n\n // Calculate the total value for each emission type\n year2022Data.forEach(entry => {\n fuel_domains.forEach(variable => {\n const value = parseFloat(entry[variable] || 0);\n if (!isNaN(value)) {\n // Group emissions by type\n if (!groupedEmissions[variable]) {\n groupedEmissions[variable] = 0;\n }\n groupedEmissions[variable] += value;\n }\n });\n });\n\n const newArray = Object.entries(groupedEmissions).map(([group, value]) => ({\n group: group,\n value: value\n }));\n\n return newArray;\n})();","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":602,"value":"countries = [...new Set(data_csv.map(d => d.country))] //Array of countries used to build the search checkbox component","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2824,"value":"countries2022 = [...new Set(countries_data_2022.map(d => d.country))]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1836,"value":"stacked_countries = [\"United States\", \"Saudi Arabia\", \"Russia\", \"Iraq\", \"China\", \"Canada\"];","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1947,"value":"scheme_grey = [\"#3e4959\", \"#576476\", \"#8e9bad\", \"#c5cdd7\"]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1990,"value":"color_scheme = ['#A8A196', '#A8A196', '#A8A196', '#A8A196', highlight_color, '#A8A196', '#A8A196']","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2884,"value":"color_categorical = [\"#e60049\", \"#0bb4ff\", \"#50e991\", \"#e6d800\", \"#9b19f5\", \"#ffa300\", \"#dc0ab4\", \"#b3d4ff\", \"#00bfa0\"]\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2455,"value":"highlight_color = \"#C70039\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2458,"value":"oil_emissions_percentage = ((11877/41458)*100).toFixed(2)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2215,"value":"fuel_domains = [\"cement_co2\", \"coal_co2\", \"flaring_co2\", \"gas_co2\", \"oil_co2\", \"other_industry_co2\", \"land_use_change_co2\"]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2789,"value":"selected_country_data = countries_data_2022.filter(d => d.country == selected_country)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2810,"value":"selected_country_emissions = selected_country_data.map(d => d.oil_co2_per_capita)\n .reduce((acc, currentValue) => acc + currentValue);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2805,"value":"median = d3.median(countries_data_2022, d => d.oil_co2_per_capita)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2928,"value":"pct_emissions = [\n { name: \"Oil\", value: (11877/41458).toFixed(2)},\n { name: \"Coal\", value: (15219/41458).toFixed(2) },\n { name: \"Gas\", value: (7748/41458).toFixed(2) },\n { name: \"Land Use Change\", value: (4310/41458).toFixed(2) },\n { name: \"Other\", value: (2303/41458).toFixed(2) }\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3078,"value":"selectedCountriesData = countries_data_2022.filter(country => stacked_countries.includes(country.country));","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3076,"value":"producersOilCO2 = selectedCountriesData.reduce((sum, country) => {\n const oilCO2 = parseFloat(country.oil_co2) || 0; // Convert to float, default to 0 if undefined\n return sum + oilCO2;\n }, 0);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3084,"value":"totalOilCO2 = 11877.886","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1390,"value":"#### Functions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1988,"value":"$3b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2796,"value":"function compare(country, median) {\n if (!isNaN(country) && !isNaN(median)) {\n if (country > median) {\n return \"higher\";\n } else {\n return \"less\";\n }\n } else {\n // Handle the case where input values are not valid numbers\n return \"Invalid input\";\n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2958,"value":"doughn1 = () => {\n return doughnut({\n data: pct_emissions,\n width: 500,\n height: 450,\n colorScheme: [\"#dd6688\", \"#A8A196\", \"#A8A196\", \"#A8A196\", \"#A8A196\", \"#A8A196\", \"#A8A196\"]\n })\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2952,"value":"tree1 = () => {\n return Treemap(year_2022_emissions, {\n path: (d) => d?.group,\n value: (d) => d?.value.toFixed(0), \n group: (d) => d?.group,\n label: (d, n) =>\n [\n d.group,\n n.value.toLocaleString(\"en\")\n ].join(\"\\n\"),\n title: (d, n) => `${d.group}\\n${n.value.toLocaleString(\"en\")} million tonnes of CO₂`, // text to show on hover\n width: 500,\n height: 420,\n colors: color_scheme\n})\n\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":478,"value":"--------------------","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":1647,"value":"data_scatter3 = await FileAttachment(\"data_scatter3.csv\").csv({typed: \"auto\"})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3168,"value":"data_scatter6 = await FileAttachment(\"data_scatter6.csv\").csv({typed: \"auto\"})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3198,"value":"select * from data_scatter6\nwhere \n cumulative_oil_co2 > 0 AND\n cumulative_oil_co2 < ${topEmissions7} AND\n gdp_percapita > 0 AND\n gdp_percapita < ${topGDP7} \n","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"sql","output":"scat7","database":"var:data_scatter6"},{"id":3239,"value":"scat8 = scat7.map(d => ({\n ...d,\n oil_co2_per_capita: countries_data_2022.find(country => country.country === d.country).oil_co2_per_capita\n}));","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W3c","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}