31:T5ac,html`

	Turbne Unit	Plant
Units		4
Nominal Power	${d3.format('.0f')(model.Capacity/4)}MW	${d3.format('.0f')(model.Capacity)}MW
Minimum Head	${model.MinimumHead}m
Rated Head	${model.RatedHead}m
Minimum Flow	${format_flow(model.MinimumFlowUnit)}
Rated Flow	${format_flow(model.RatedDischarge)}
Maximum Load	${d3.format('.0f')(model.MaximumLoadFactor*100)}% of rated flow
Maximum Flow	${format_flow(model.RatedDischarge*model.MaximumLoadFactor)}	${format_flow(model.RatedDischargemodel.MaximumLoadFactor4)}
Rated Turbine Efficiency	${d3.format('.1f')(model.RatedTurbineEfficiency*100)}%
Rated Generator Efficiency	${d3.format('.1f')(model.RatedGeneratorEfficiency*100)}%
Rated Power	${d3.format('.1f')(model.RatedPower)}MW
Maximum Power	${d3.format('.1f')(model.Power_Turbine1_max)}MW	${d3.format('.1f')(model.Power_max)}MW

`32:T4d3,{ var data = [ { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Flow), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.HeadTurbine1), mode: 'lines', line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr(1)}, type: 'scatter', hovertemplate: '%{y:.2f} m', }, { x: [5300,8900,8900,5300], y: [10,10,0,0], fill: 'toself', mode:'none', fillcolor: 'rgba(220,120,120,0.3)', showlegend:false, type: 'scatter', hoverinfo:'none', } ]; var layout = { width: width, height:200, font: font, margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 50, t: 30 }, showlegend: false, annotations: [ {x:6500,y:5,text:'Low head shutdown',showarrow:false,font:{color:'red'}}, { x: 3620, y: 0, text: 'Mean Annual Maximum Flow', showarrow: true,arrowhead: 1,ax: 0,ay: -100,xref: 'x',yref: 'y', }], xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', hoverformat:'.0f', title: 'River Flow (m\u00B3/s)', }, yaxis: { title: 'Net Head (m)', zeroline: false, showline: false, separatethousands:true, } }; const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div; }33:T67f,{ var data = [ { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.FlowCanal), text: pefdc.map(ex=>format_flow(ex.FlowCanal)), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'Canal Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr(1,0.6), type: 'scatter', hoverinfo:'x+text' }, { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.EWRTotal), text: pefdc.map(ex=>format_flow(ex.EWRTotal)), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'Environmental Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr(3,0.9), type: 'scatter',hoverinfo:'text' }, { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.FlowSpill), text: pefdc.map(ex=>format_flow(ex.FlowSpill)), name: 'Spill Flow', stackgroup: 'one', mode: 'lines', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr(5,0.6), type: 'scatter',hoverinfo:'text' }, ]; var layout = { width: width, height:250, font: font, margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 30, t: 30 }, legend: {x: 0,xanchor: 'left',y: 1}, showlegend: true, annotations: [ { x: 25, y: 1100, text: 'Canal Capacity', showarrow: true,arrowhead: 1,ax: 0,ay: -100,xref: 'x',yref: 'y', }], xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, range:[1,0], tickformat: ',.0%', ticks:'outside', }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow (m\u00b3/s)', zeroline: false, type: 'log', showline: false, separatethousands:true, } }; const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div; }34:T5e4,{ var data = [ { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.FlowCanal/ex.Flow), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'Canal Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr(1,0.6), type: 'scatter' }, { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.EWRTotal/ex.Flow), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'EWR Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr(3,0.9), type: 'scatter' }, { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.Exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.FlowSpill/ex.Flow), name: 'Spill Flow', stackgroup: 'one', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr(5,0.6), type: 'scatter' }, ]; var layout = { width: width, height: 220, font: font, margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 50, t: 10 }, showlegend: false, annotations: [ { x: 0.27, y: 0, text: 'Canal Capacity', showarrow: true,arrowhead: 2,ax: 0,ay: -60,xref: 'x',yref: 'y', }], xaxis: { hoverformat:'0%', showgrid: false, zeroline: false, range:[1,0], ticks:'outside', tickformat: ',.0%', title: 'Exceedance Probability', }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow Proportion', hoverformat:'0%', zeroline: false, showline: false, tickformat: ',.0%', separatethousands:true, } }; const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div; }35:T692,{ var data = [ { x: flow_calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.WaterMonth), y: flow_calmonths.map(mnth => Math.round(mnth.Flow_median)), mode: 'lines', name: 'P50 Flow', line: { shape: 'spline', color: colr(1) } }, { x: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.WaterMonth), y: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.HeadTurbine1_mean), yaxis: 'y2', mode: 'lines', name: 'Mean Net Head', line: { shape: 'spline', color: colr(3), dash: 'dashdot' } }, { x: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.WaterMonth), y: calmonths.map(mnth => Math.round(mnth.FlowCanal_mean)), fillcolor: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.2)', fill: 'tozeroy', mode: 'lines', name: 'Generation Flow', line: { color: 'rgba(0,0,0,0)' } } ]; var layout = { width: width, height: 380, font: font, legend: { x: 1.2, anchor: 'left', y: 1 }, title:plotTitle('Average Monthly Flow and Head'), showlegend: true, margin: margin, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks: 'outside', tickvals: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12], ticktext: [ 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec','Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr','May','Jun', 'Jul','Aug','Sep' ] }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow (m\u00b3/s)', zeroline: false, showline: false, separatethousands: true }, yaxis2: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, showline: false, title: 'Head (m)', tickformat: '.1f', range: [10, 30], overlaying: 'y', side: 'right' } }; const div = DOM.element('div'); plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div; }36:[{"id":"05209d4325f35da787fbdbeed4e682732b220a63b6f574624f28139ef85d00a276797fa2936db164ed386f37a08c5e5e04c5b353bd4f9d96510c7e9d6f60b0fa","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/05209d4325f35da787fbdbeed4e682732b220a63b6f574624f28139ef85d00a276797fa2936db164ed386f37a08c5e5e04c5b353bd4f9d96510c7e9d6f60b0fa","name":"power_and_energy_model.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1582285859917.802,"size":49751}] 2f:{"title":"Power and Energy Model","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"html`\n

Power and Energy Model

Ngonye Falls Hydroelectric Project

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1232,"value":"\n\nhtml`\n

\n\n \n\n

Interactive map of the of the proposed Ngonye Falls power project. Click here for a fullscreen version.

\n\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":109,"value":"html`\n

Introduction

\nThe power and energy (P&E) model uses the hydraulic and hydromechanical characteristics of the river and power station design to determine how much energy the power station will produce under varying river flow conditions.\n

\nThe P&E model calculates the instantaneous power output of the turbines and generators depending on the flow of water in the river upstream of the power station. The power station design includes no water storage (reservoir) so the power output depends only on the river flow at each moment in time. \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":96,"value":"md`\n

\n `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":114,"value":"html`\nTo the extent that future river flow can be forecast then the future energy production of the power station can also be estimated. Assuming that the pattern of river flow - within each year and from year to year - will be the same in the future as in the past then energy production can be forecast by simply 'replaying' the historic record of river flow through the P&E model.\n

\nThe impact of possible cycles or permenant changes in the pattern of river flow, for example due to climate change, can also be investiated by modifying the historic flow record to simulate these changes into the future and then using this modified flow data as the input to the P&E model.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1334,"value":"html`\n

Plant and Turbine Units

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1338,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":338,"value":"html`\n

Levels, Headlosses and Head

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":382,"value":"html`\nThe headpond level, the water level above the intake, is held at a constant 990.0 m by the operation of the weirs and gates in the headworks until the river flows reach approximately 5,000 m\\u00b3/s (around a 5-year flood). \n

\nAt flows above 5,000 m\\u00b3/s the headpond level begins to slowly rise as the full flow can no longer be passed by the weirs and gates to maintain 990m.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":364,"value":"{\n \n var data = [\n\n {\n x: pefdc.map(ex=>Math.round(ex.Flow)),\n y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.LevelHeadpond), \n mode: 'lines',\n fill:'tozeroy',\n line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr(1)},\n type: 'scatter',\n hovertemplate: '%{y:.1f}m'\n },\n ];\n \n var layout = {\n width: width,\n height:200,\n font: font,\n margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 50, t: 30 },\n showlegend: false,\n annotations: [\n {\n x: 3620,\n y: 990,\n text: 'Mean Annual Maximum Flow',\n showarrow: true,arrowhead: 1,ax: 0,ay: -80,xref: 'x',yref: 'y',\n }],\n xaxis: {\n showgrid: false,\n zeroline: false,\n separatethousands:true,\n ticks:'outside',\n title: 'River Flow (m\\u00B3/s)',\n },\n yaxis: {\n title: 'Headpond Level (m)',\n zeroline: false,\n showline: false,\n range:[989.8,990.8]\n }\n };\n \n const div=DOM.element('div')\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false});\n \n return div;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":418,"value":"html`\nThe tailwater level, in the narrow gorge at the outlet of the power station, varies considerably depending on the river flow. As the flow increases the gorge 'fills' with water and the tailwater level increases.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":395,"value":"{\n \n var data = [\n\n {\n x: pefdc.map(ex=>Math.round(ex.Flow)),\n y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.LevelTailwater),\n fill:'tozeroy',\n mode: 'lines',\n line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr(1)},\n type: 'scatter',\n hovertemplate: '%{y:.0f}m'\n },\n ];\n \n var layout = {\n width: width,\n height:200,\n font: font,\n annotations: [\n {\n x: 3620,\n y: 960,\n text: 'Mean Annual Maximum Flow',\n showarrow: true,arrowhead: 1,ax: 0,ay: -100,xref: 'x',yref: 'y',\n }],\n margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 50, t: 30 },\n showlegend: false,\n xaxis: {\n showgrid: false,\n zeroline: false,\n ticks:'outside',\n title: 'River Flow (m\\u00B3/s)',\n },\n yaxis: {\n title: 'Tailwater Level (m)',\n zeroline: false,\n showline: false,\n range:[960,985],\n separatethousands:true,\n }\n };\n \n const div=DOM.element('div')\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false});\n \n return div;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":428,"value":"md `\nBecause the tailwater level increases with increasing flow so the gross head (before any headlosses) decreases with increasing flow.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":423,"value":"{ \n var data = [\n\n {\n x: pefdc.map(ex=>Math.round(ex.Flow)),\n y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.LevelHeadpond-ex.LevelTailwater),\n mode: 'lines',\n fill:'tozeroy',\n line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr(1)},\n type: 'scatter',\n hovertemplate: '%{y:.1f}m'\n },\n ];\n \n var layout = {\n width: width,\n height:200,\n font: font,\n margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 50, t: 30 },\n showlegend: false,\n annotations: [\n {\n x: 3620,\n y: 10,\n text: 'Mean Annual Maximum Flow',\n showarrow: true,arrowhead: 1,ax: 0,ay: -100,xref: 'x',yref: 'y',\n }], \n xaxis: {\n showgrid: false,\n zeroline: false,\n ticks:'outside',\n title: 'River Flow (m\\u00B3/s)',\n },\n yaxis: {\n title: 'Gross Head (m)',\n zeroline: false,\n showline: false,\n separatethousands:true,\n }\n };\n \n const div=DOM.element('div')\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false});\n \n return div;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":459,"value":"md `\nHeadlosses are a function of the velocity of the generation water flows and increase as flows increase. \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":446,"value":"{ \n var data = [\n\n {\n x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.FlowCanal),\n y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.HeadlossLeftChannel+ex.HeadlossCanal),\n mode: 'lines',\n fill:'tozeroy',\n line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr(1)},\n type: 'scatter',\n hovertemplate: '%{y:.2f} m',\n },\n ];\n \n var layout = {\n width: width,\n height:200,\n font: font,\n //hovermode:'closest',\n margin: { l: 90, r: 90,b: 50, t: 30 },\n showlegend: false,\n xaxis: {\n showgrid: false,\n zeroline: false,\n hoverformat: '.0f',\n ticks:'outside',\n title: 'Generation Flow (m\\u00B3/s)',\n },\n yaxis: {\n title: 'Headlosses (m)',\n zeroline: false,\n showline: false,\n separatethousands:true,\n }\n };\n \n const div=DOM.element('div')\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false});\n \n return div;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":433,"value":"md `\nThe bulb turbines selected in the power station design can operate over a wide range of head. However, when the net head falls below 10m the turbines will no longer be able to operate. This happens at river flows above 5,350 m\\u00b3/s, around a 5-year return flood.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":474,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":566,"value":"md `\n## Environmental, Spill and Generation Flow\n\nSee also: Ngonye Falls - Environmental Flows\n\nEnvironmental Flows (EFlows) depend on the calendar month and the total river flow. The maximum capacity of the power canal is 1,100 m\\u00B3/s and once this capacity is reached then then environmental flows are augmented by the spill flow. \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":572,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":619,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1017,"value":"md`\n## Flow and Head \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1020,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":506,"value":"md`\n## Turbine Use\nThe number of turbines operating at any time depends on the flow in the river and power canal.\n\nOn average all 4 turbines operate for 33% of the year and there is a turbine not running and available for maintenance for 8 months of each year.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":527,"value":"{\n var data = [{\n values: [d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr['Prop4Units'])),d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr['Prop1Units'])),d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr['Prop3Units'])),d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr['Prop2Units']))],\n labels: ['4 Units', '3 Units', '2 Units','1 Unit'],\n sort: false,\n textinfo: \"label+percent\",\n textposition: \"outside\",\n marker: {\n colors: [colr(1),colr(4),colr(2),colr(5)]\n },\n type: 'pie'\n}];\n\nvar layout = {\n height: 270,\n showlegend:false,\n width: 270,\n margin: { l: 60, r: 40,b: 30, t: 10 },\n};\n const div=DOM.element('div')\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{staticPlot: true});\n \n return div;\n\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1320,"value":"html`\n

Next: 4. Power and Energy Analysis

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":8,"value":"html` \n

\n

Appendix

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1188,"value":"tex.block`\n\n Tailwater Level=\\begin{cases}\n -2.6828*log_{10}(Q)^2+11.265*log_{10}(Q)+952.68, & \\text{if $log_{10}(Q) > 3.8$}.\\\\\n -21.429*log_{10}(Q)^2+182.03*log_{10}(Q)+597.15, & \\text{if $2.3 < log_{10}(Q) < 3.8$}.\\\\\n 6.5299*log_{10}(Q)^2-30.155*log_{10}(Q)+999.52, & \\text{if $log_{10}(Q) < 2.3$}.\n \\end{cases}\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1206,"value":"tex.block`\n\n Headpond Level=\\begin{cases}\n 990.0, & \\text{if $Q<5000$}.\\\\\n 0.000081307*Q+989.6, & \\text{if $Q<7500$}.\\\\\n 0.000240*Q+988.4, & \\text{otherwise}.\n \\end{cases}\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1208,"value":"tex.block`\n\nHeadloss Powerhouse=0.00000702Q^2 + 0.00002226Q - 0.00207422\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":794,"value":"md`\n## Models\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":807,"value":"model_name='Base Case'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":805,"value":"model=models.filter(md=>md.ModelName==model_name)[0]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":802,"value":"models = (await d3.csv(\"https://gis.westernpower.org/data/input_data/models.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":13,"value":"md`## Load Data`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1023,"value":"flow_calmonths = await d3.csv(\n \"https://gis.westernpower.org/data/output_data/ngonye_flow_calmonthly.csv?\" +\n Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),\n d3.autoType\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1031,"value":"calmonths = await d3.csv(\n \"https://gis.westernpower.org/data/output_data/\" +\n model.OutputPrefix +\n \"_pe_calmonthly.csv?\" +\n Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),\n d3.autoType\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":522,"value":"yearly=(await d3.csv(\"https://gis.westernpower.org/data/output_data/\" + model.OutputPrefix + \"_pe_yearly.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":435,"value":"pefdc = (await d3.csv(\"https://gis.westernpower.org/data/output_data/\" + model.OutputPrefix + \"_pe_fdc.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":4,"value":"md`## Libraries`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1221,"value":"import {book_index} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1093,"value":"import {plotTitle} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1091,"value":"import {margin} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1087,"value":"import {font} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1085,"value":"import {colr} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":689,"value":"import {movingAverage} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1342,"value":"import {format_flow} from \"@westernpower/commonlibrary\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":19,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@5\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":6,"value":"plt = require(\"https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W36","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}