30:T655,meanFlow={ var data = [ { y: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>month.flows[25]), x: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>month.waterMonth), mode: 'lines', name:'P25', hoverinfo:'none', line: {shape: 'spline',color: colr_b(4),dash:'dashdot', width:0.5}, type: 'scatter' }, { y: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>month.flows[50]), x: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>month.waterMonth), text: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>formatFlow(month.flows[50])), mode: 'lines+markers', name:'Median (P50)',hoverinfo:'text', line: {shape: 'spline', width:3}, marker: {color: colr_b(3), size:7}, type: 'scatter' }, { y: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>month.flows[75]), x: calmonthlyFDCs.map(month=>month.waterMonth), mode: 'lines', name:'P75',hoverinfo:'none', line: {shape: 'spline',color: colr_b(4),dash:'dashdot', width:0.5}, type: 'scatter' }]; var layout = { width: width>700?670:width-30, height: 200, margin:{t:10,b:30,l:70,r:5}, font: font, showlegend: true, legend: {x: 1,xanchor: 'right',y: 1}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', tickvals: [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ], ticktext:['Oct','Nov','Dec','Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep'], }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow (m\u00B3/s)', zeroline: false, showline: false, separatethousands:true, } }; const div=container(`Zambezi River flow at Ngonye Falls in a typical hydrological year. `) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }31:T81b,flowHead={ var data = [ { x: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.waterMonth), y: calmonths.map(mnth => Math.round(mnth.flowMedian)), mode: 'lines+markers', name: 'River Flow', line: { shape: 'spline', color: colr_b(3), width:3 } }, { x: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.waterMonth), y: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.netHeadMean), yaxis: 'y2', mode: 'lines', name: 'Head', line: { shape: 'spline', color: colr_c(4), dash: 'dot', width: 4 } }, { x: calmonths.map(mnth => mnth.waterMonth), y: calmonths.map(mnth => Math.round(mnth.canalFlowMean)), fillcolor: colr_b(3,0.3), fill: 'tozeroy', mode: 'lines', name: 'Generation Flow', line: { shape:'spline', color: colr_b(3), width:1 } } ]; var layout = { width: width>800?770:width-30, height: 300, font: font, margin: {t:10, b:30, l:70, r:40}, legend: { x: .1, anchor: 'left', y: 1.1 , orientation:'h'}, showlegend: true, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks: 'outside', tickvals: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12], ticktext: [ 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec','Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr','May','Jun', 'Jul','Aug','Sep' ] }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow (m\u00b3/s)', zeroline: false, showline: false, separatethousands: true }, yaxis2: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, showline: false, title: 'Head (m)', tickformat: '.0f', range: [10, 30], overlaying: 'y', side: 'right' } }; let cap=`Flow and head conditions for the Ngonye Falls Hydroelectric plant for an average hydrological year. Head decreased with increasing flow due to the unusual hydraulic conditions of the site. Generation flow is capped by the capacity of the power canal at ${formatFlow(1100)} and river flows in excess of this are not used for generation.` const div=container(cap, width>800?790:width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }32:T5be,{ var data = [{ y: fdc.map(f=>f.flow), x: fdc.map(f=>f.exceedance), text: fdc.map(f=>d3.format(',.0%')(f.exceedance) + ', ' + formatFlow(f.flow)), mode: 'lines', hoverinfo:'text', line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr_b(3), width: 4}, type: 'scatter' },{ y: [100, 1100], x: [0.3, 0.3], mode: 'lines', hoverinfo:'text', line: {width: 2, color: colr(2)}, type: 'scatter' },{ y: [1100, 1100], x: [0, 0.3], mode: 'lines', hoverinfo:'text', line: {width: 2, color: colr(2)}, type: 'scatter' }]; var layout = { height: 280, margin:{t:10,b:50,l:70,r:50}, width: width>800?770:width-30, font: font, showlegend: false, legend: {x: 1,xanchor: 'right',y: 1}, xaxis: { showgrid: true, zeroline: false, dtick:0.1, tickformat: ',.0%', ticks:'outside', title:'Exceedance' }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow ' + cumec, type:'log', zeroline: false, showline: false, separatethousands:true, } }; const div=container(`Daily Flow Duration Curve - FDC or Exceedance curve for the Zambezi River at Ngonye Falls showing the proportion of time in each year that flow exceeds the given value. The design discharge and canal capacity of the power station is 1,100${cumec} which is the P30 river flow (exceeded in 30% of days).`) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }33:T8a2,{ let cap=`Median (P50) river discharges by month at the Ngonye Falls hydroelectric plant on the Zambezi river.` var data = [ { x:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.dischargeMedian+200), text:calmonths.map(mnth=>d3.format(',.2r')(mnth.dischargeMedian) + 'Mm3'), type: 'scatter', textposition:'top', mode:'text', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend: false, } , { x:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonths.map(mnth=>(mnth.canalDischargeMedian)), text:calmonths.map(mnth=>d3.format(',.2r')(mnth.canalDischargeMedian) + 'Mm3'), type: 'bar', name:'Generation Flow', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend: true, marker: {color:colr_b(4,0.8)} }, { x:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.eFlowDischargeMedian), text:calmonths.map(mnth=>d3.format(',.2r')(mnth.eFlowDischargeMedian) + 'Mm3'), type: 'bar', name:'Environmental', mode:'lines+markers+text', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend: true, marker: {color:makeTrans('#00AA00',0.5)} } , { x:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.spillDischargeMedian), text:calmonths.map(mnth=>d3.format(',.2r')(mnth.spillDischargeMedian) + 'Mm3'), type: 'bar', name:'Excess', mode:'lines+markers+text', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend: true, marker: {color:colr_b(1,0.5)} } ] var layout = { width: width>900?870:width-30, height:300, margin: {t:10, b:30, l:70, r:30}, font: font, barmode:'stack', showlegend: true, legend: {x: 0,xanchor: 'left',y: 1}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', tickvals: [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ], ticktext:['Oct','Nov','Dec','Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep'], }, yaxis: { title: 'Discharge ' + mm3, zeroline: false, tickformat:',.0f', showline: false, } }; const div=container(cap, width>900?890:width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }34:Tee3,{ const div=container(`Split of flows through the Ngonye Falls hydroelectric scheme with increasing river flow from left to right. At flows higher than 30% exceedance (around ${formatFlow(1300)}) the canal is at maximum capacity and additional flow is spilt around the power station.`, width>900?890:width-10,) div.prepend(flowProp()) div.prepend(flowSplit()) return div function flowSplit() { var data = [ { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.canalFlow), text: pefdc.map(ex=>formatFlow(ex.canalFlow)), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'Generation Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr_b(4,0.8), type: 'scatter', hoverinfo:'x+text' }, { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.eFlowTotal), text: pefdc.map(ex=>formatFlow(ex.eFlowTotal)), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'Environmental Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: makeTrans('#00AA00',0.5), type: 'scatter',hoverinfo:'text' }, { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.spillFlowTotal), text: pefdc.map(ex=>formatFlow(ex.spillFlowTotal)), name: 'Excess Flow', stackgroup: 'one', mode: 'lines', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr_b(1,0.5), type: 'scatter',hoverinfo:'text' }, ]; var layout = { width: width>900?870:width-30, height:180, font: font, margin: { l: 90, r: 10,b: 30, t: 5 }, legend: {x: 0,xanchor: 'left',y: 1}, showlegend: true, annotations: [ { x: .26, y: 0, text: 'Canal
Capacity Met', showarrow: true,arrowhead: 1,ax: 0,ay: -110,xref: 'x',yref: 'y', }], xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, range:[1,0], tickformat: ',.0%', ticks:'outside', //showticklabels: false }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow (m\u00b3/s)', zeroline: false, range:[0,3000], showline: false, separatethousands:true, } } const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}) return div } function flowProp() { var data = [ { x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.canalFlow/ex.flowRiver), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'Canal Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr_b(4,0.8), type: 'scatter' },{ x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.eFlowTotal/ex.flowRiver), stackgroup: 'one', name: 'EWR Flow', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: makeTrans('#00AA00',0.5), type: 'scatter' },{ x: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.exceedance), y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.spillFlowTotal/ex.flowRiver), name: 'Excess Flow', stackgroup: 'one', line:{color:'rgba(0,0,0,0)'}, fillcolor: colr_b(1,0.5), type: 'scatter' }] var layout = { width: width>900?870:width-30, height:170, font: font, margin: { l: 90, r: 10,b: 50, t: 5 }, showlegend: false, xaxis: { hoverformat:'0%', showgrid: false, zeroline: false, range:[1,0], ticks:'outside', tickformat: ',.0%', title: 'Exceedance Probability', }, yaxis: { title: 'Flow Proportion', hoverformat:'0%', zeroline: false, showline: false, tickformat: ',.0%', separatethousands:true, } } const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}) return div } }35:T6ec,monthchart={ var data = [ { x:calmonthlyExceedance.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonthlyExceedance.map(mnth=>(mnth['0.10']/(30*24))), text:calmonthlyExceedance.map(mnth=>d3.format('.0f')(mnth['0.10']/(1000)) + 'GWh'), type: 'scatter', yaxis: 'y2', mode: 'lines', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend:false, line: {shape: 'spline',width: 3, }, marker: {color: colr(4), size: 8}, }, { x:calmonthlyExceedance.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonthlyExceedance.map(mnth=>(mnth['0.50']/1000)), text:calmonthlyExceedance.map(mnth=>d3.format('.0f')(mnth['0.50']/(1000)) + 'GWh'), type: 'bar', textposition:'top', mode:'marker+text', hoverinfo: 'text', showlegend: false, marker: {color:colr(1,0.6)} } ] var layout = { width: width>700?670:width-30, height:270, margin: {t:10, b:30, l:50, r:50}, font: font, barmode:'overlay', showlegend: true, legend: {x: 0,xanchor: 'left',y: 1}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', tickvals: [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ], ticktext:['Oct','Nov','Dec','Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep'], }, yaxis: { title: 'Energy (GWh)', range:[0,160], zeroline: false, showline: false, }, yaxis2: { overlaying: 'y', range:[0,160/(30*24)*1000], showgrid: false, title: 'Power (MW)', side: 'right' } }; const div=container(`Forecast median P50 (bars) and P90 energy production by month for the Ngonye Falls hydroelectric plant.`, width>700?690:width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }36:T6fb,{ let cap=`Annual energy exceedance of the Ngonye Falls plant over the historic hydrology period. Median (P50) annual energy generation - exceeded in 50% of all years - is ${d3.format(',.0f')(annualExceedance.find(v=>v.exceedance==0.5).energy)} GWh.` var data = [ { x: annualExceedance.map(f => f.exceedance), y: annualExceedance.map(f => f.energy), text: annualExceedance.map(f => d3.format(',.0f')(f.energy) + 'GWh'), mode: 'lines', name:'Energy', hoverinfo:'x+text', line: { shape: 'spline' }, marker: { color: colr(1) }, type: 'scatter' }, { x: [0.5], y: [d3.format(',.0f')(annualExceedance.find(v=>v.exceedance==0.5).energy)], mode: 'markers+text', hoverinfo:'none', marker: { color: colr(5), size: 10 }, type: 'scatter' } ]; var layout = { height: 270, width:width>900?870:width-30, font: font, showlegend: false, margin: {t:5,b:50,l:70,r:5}, legend: { x: 1, xanchor: 'right', y: 1 }, annotations: [ { y: annualExceedance.find(v=>v.exceedance==0.5).energy, x: 0.5, text: "P50 Median Annual Energy - " + d3.format(',.0f')(annualExceedance.find(v=>v.exceedance==0.5).energy) + ' GWh', showarrow: true, arrowhead: 2, ax: -90, ay: 50, xref: 'x', yref: 'y' } ], xaxis: { showgrid: true, zeroline: false, dtick: 0.10, tickformat:',.0%', ticks: 'outside', title: 'Exceedance Probability', range:[0,1.015] }, yaxis: { title: 'Energy (GWh)', zeroline: false, showline: false, separatethousands: true } }; const div=container(cap, width>900?890:width-10,) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout, {displayModeBar: false}); return div } 37:T656,{ let cap = `Probability distribution (histogram) of annual energy generation for the Ngonye Falls project over the 100 years of historic data. Similarity of the mean and the median (P50) show that the distribution is relatively symetrical. High central peak shows stability of annual generation.` let mean = d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy)) let median = annualExceedance.find(v=>v.exceedance==0.5).energy var data = [{ x: yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy), showlegend:false, histnorm: "count", marker: {color: colr(1,0.6)}, name: '', hoverinfo:'y', type: 'histogram', xbins: { size: 20, }},{ x: [median, median], y: [0,25], hoverinfo:'x', showlegend:true, line: {color: '#777'}, mode:'lines', name: `P50 Median - ${d3.format(',.0f')(median)}GWh`, type: 'scatter', },{ x: [mean, mean], y: [0,25], showlegend:true, hoverinfo:'x', line: {dash:'dot',color: '#777'}, mode:'lines', name: `Mean - ${d3.format(',.0f')(mean)}GWh`, type: 'scatter', }] var layout = { width: width>700?670:width-30, height:220, font: font, showlegend: true, margin: {t:5,b:60,l:70,r:5}, legend: {orientation: 'h', x: 0, xanchor: 'left', y: 1.1}, xaxis: { range:[600,1100], showgrid: false,zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', title:'Annual Energy GWh' }, yaxis: { title: '% of Years', zeroline: false, tickformat: ',.0f', showline: false}, }; const div=container(cap, width>800?790:width-10,) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout, {displayModeBar: false}); return div }38:T488,{ let cap=`Median (P50) energy production per volume of water by month for the Ngonye Falls hydroelectric plant.` var data = [ { x:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.waterMonth), y:calmonths.map(mnth=>mnth.specificEnergyMean), text:calmonths.map(mnth=>d3.format('.0f')(mnth.specificEnergyMean) + 'MWh/Mm3'), type: 'bar',textposition:'top',mode:'text',hoverinfo: 'text',showlegend: false, marker: {color:colr(1,0.6)} } ] var layout = { width: width>800?770:width-30, height:240, margin: {t:10, b:30, l:100, r:30}, font: font, barmode:'overlay', showlegend: true, legend: {x: 0,xanchor: 'left',y: 1}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', tickvals: [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 ], ticktext:['Oct','Nov','Dec','Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep'], }, yaxis: { title: 'Specific Energy
MWh/' + mm3, range:[0, 70], zeroline: false, showline: false, } } const div=container(cap, width>800?790:width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }39:Td25,dischargeEnergyTimeseries={ let cap='Total volume of water passing Ngonye Falls (top) and annual energy yield for the Ngonye Falls powerstation (bottom). Solid line - 15 year moving average, dashed line - overall average.' const cont=container(cap, width-10) cont.prepend(energy()) cont.prepend(vol()) return cont function energy() { let mean = d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy)) let movingAv = movingAverage(yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy), 15) var data = [{ y: yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy), x: yearly.map(yr=>yr.waterYear), text: yearly.map(yr=>d3.format('.0f')(yr.energy) + 'GWh'), showlegend:false, name: '', hoverinfo:'x+text', marker: {color: colr(1,0.6)}, type: 'bar' },{ y: movingAv, x: yearly.map(yr=>yr.waterYear), name:'15yr Moving Average', mode: 'lines', hoverinfo:'none', line: {width:2,color: colr(3)}, type: 'scatter' },{ x: [1924, 2022], y: [mean, mean], mode: 'lines', line: {color: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.8)', width:1, dash:'dashdot'}, type: 'scatter', hoverinfo:'none', name: '1924-2022 Mean ' + d3.format(',.0f')(mean) + 'GWh' }]; var layout = { width: width-50, height:180, font: font, showlegend: false, margin: {t:5,b:40,l:70,r:5}, legend: {orientation: 'h', x: 0, xanchor: 'left', y: -0.15}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', range:[1923,2022]}, yaxis: { range: [0,1200], title: 'Energy (GWh)', zeroline: false, tickformat: ',.0f', showline: false}, }; const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout, {displayModeBar: false}); return div } function vol() { let mean = d3.mean(yearly_flows.map(yr=>yr.volume/1000000)) let movingAv = movingAverage(yearly_flows.map(yr=>yr.volume/1000000), 15) var data = [{ y: yearly_flows.map(yr=>yr.volume/1000000), x: yearly_flows.map(yr=>yr.waterYear), text: yearly_flows.map(yr=>d3.format('.0f')(yr.volume) + 'km\u00B3'), showlegend:false, name: '', hoverinfo:'x+text', marker: {color: colr_b(3, 0.5)}, type: 'bar' },{ y: movingAv, x: yearly_flows.map(yr=>yr.waterYear), name:'15yr Moving Average', mode: 'lines', hoverinfo:'none', line: {width:2,color: colr_b(3)}, type: 'scatter' },{ x: [1924, 2022], y: [mean, mean], mode: 'lines', line: {color: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.8)', width:1, dash:'dashdot'}, type: 'scatter', hoverinfo:'none', name: '1924-2022 Mean ' + d3.format(',.0f')(mean) + 'km\u00B3' }]; var layout = { width: width-50, height:180, font: font, showlegend: false, margin: {t:5,b:10,l:70,r:5}, legend: {orientation: 'h', x: 0, xanchor: 'left', y: -0.15}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, ticks:'outside', showticklabels:false, range:[1923,2022]}, yaxis: { title: 'Water
Volume (km\u00B3)', zeroline: false, tickformat: ',.0f', showline: false}, }; const div=DOM.element('div') plt.newPlot(div, data, layout, {displayModeBar: false}); return div } }3a:T5f8,timescaledEnergyExceedance={ let cap = `Exceedance probability of mean annual energy scaled to various timeframes for the Ngonye Falls project. For eaxmaple, the chart shows that with 95% confidence, the mean annual energy delivered by the project would 829GWh or more over any 15 year period and 837GWh or more over any 25 year period. ` const exceedances = [...Array(21).keys()].map(v=> v/20).slice(1,-1) function series(yearsNo) { return { y: exceedances.map(e=>durationVariability[yearsNo][e]), text: exceedances.map(e=>formatEnergy(durationVariability[yearsNo][e])), x: exceedances, mode: 'lines+markers', hoverinfo:'x+text', name: durationVariability[yearsNo].durationYears + '-year', marker:{size: 4}, line: { shape: 'spline', color: colr(yearsNo-1), width: 2.5 }, type: 'scatter' } } var data = [series(1 ),series(2),series(3)] var layout = { width: width>800?770:width-30, height:300, margin: {t:10, b:60, l:80, r:10}, font: font, showlegend: true, legend: {orientation:'h', x: 1, xanchor: 'right', y: 1 }, xaxis: { showgrid: true, zeroline: false, dtick:0.1, ticks: 'outside', tickformat:',.0%', title: 'Exceedance Probability' }, yaxis: { title: 'Mean Annual Energy
over Period', zeroline: false,showline: false,separatethousands: true, } } const div=container(cap, width>800?790:width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }3b:T4de,yearen={ var data = [ { x:yearly.map((yr,i)=>yearly_flows[i].flowMean), y:yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy), type: 'scatter', mode: 'markers', hoverinfo: 'none', showlegend:false, marker: {color: colr(2), size: 5}, }, { x:[600,2000,2000,600], y:[800,800,1000,1000], fill:'toself', mode:'lines', showlegend:false, fillcolor: make_trans('green',0.2), line:{width:0} } ] var layout = { width: width>700?670:width-30, height:300, margin: {t:10, b:50, l:70, r:50}, font: font, barmode:'overlay', showlegend: true, legend: {x: 0,xanchor: 'left',y: 1}, xaxis: { showgrid: true, title: 'Mean Annual Flow' + ' m\u00b3/s', range:[0,2400], zeroline: false, ticks:'outside' }, yaxis: { title: 'Annual Energy GWh', range:[0,1200], zeroline: false, showline: false, } }; const div=container(`Annual energy production against mean annual flow. Energy production is extremely stable for years with mean flows above 600 m\u00b3/s and below 2,000 m\u00b3/s.`, width>700?690:width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false}); return div }3c:T730,ngonyekariba={ let cap =`Energy yield of the Ngonye Falls run-of-river hydroelectric project and energy yield potentital of the Kariba dam complex expressed as variation form their long-term averages. For Kariba, yield potential is shown which is the enrgy that could have been generated using inflows to the dam in each year and ignores reservoir recharge and drawdown.` let mean=d3.mean(yearly.map(yr=>yr.energy)) var data = [ { y: yearly.map(yr=>(yr.energy-mean)/mean), text: yearly.map(yr=>d3.format(',.0%')((yr.energy-mean)/mean)), x: yearly.map(yr=>yr.waterYear), hoverinfo:'x+text', showlegend:true, name: 'Ngonye Falls Run-of-River Yield', line: {color: colr(1,0.9), width:3}, type: 'scatter' }, { y: inflow_longterm.filter(v=>v.estimate==false).map(yr=>(yr.inflow_energy_potential-inflow_potential_stats.mean)/inflow_potential_stats.mean), x: inflow_longterm.filter(v=>v.estimate==false).map(yr=>yr.water_year), text: inflow_longterm.filter(v=>v.estimate==false).map( yr => d3.format(',.0%')((yr.inflow_energy_potential-inflow_potential_stats.mean)/inflow_potential_stats.mean)), showlegend: true, name: 'Kariba Reservoir Inflow Yield Potential', hoverinfo:'text', line: {color: colr_d(2,0.5), width:3}, type: 'scatter' }]; var layout = { width: width-50, height:250, font: font, showlegend: true, margin: {t:5,b:40,l:70,r:70}, bargap:0, legend: {orientation: 'h', x: 0, xanchor: 'left', y: -0.14}, xaxis: { showgrid: false, zeroline: false, range:[1959,2021.4], ticks:'outside'}, yaxis: { title: 'Variance', tickformat: ',.0%', showgrid:true, } }; const div=container(cap ,width-10) plt.newPlot(div, data, layout, {displayModeBar: false}); return div }3d:[{"id":"7b82690b2e0808814860f097f5b185e4ea1b1a9111cb691a22924bfd5ae3b69b3f185ade9f875cd0b120c2c59ec7ac44ecedb2f8265015225b0eb3cfbfbeb255","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/7b82690b2e0808814860f097f5b185e4ea1b1a9111cb691a22924bfd5ae3b69b3f185ade9f875cd0b120c2c59ec7ac44ecedb2f8265015225b0eb3cfbfbeb255","name":"power_and_energy_model.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1716448723687.751,"size":49751},{"id":"db27086a960df70d67bf40966ba07348e3acfe71035e90218edd6f65853696af3769aa862b52f83a64e03e0e21f6670387e14f50c715ecf167981398fe329f77","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/db27086a960df70d67bf40966ba07348e3acfe71035e90218edd6f65853696af3769aa862b52f83a64e03e0e21f6670387e14f50c715ecf167981398fe329f77","name":"topobathy.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1716460734500.379,"size":419974},{"id":"4fe7dd1916cdc22b20f8f93f46759838a04010b3c7f69af32211fb17068d5785c912099633e3cee6b401ad3d0c66cac412478480d62056fa341d6887cd253069","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/4fe7dd1916cdc22b20f8f93f46759838a04010b3c7f69af32211fb17068d5785c912099633e3cee6b401ad3d0c66cac412478480d62056fa341d6887cd253069","name":"ewr_reach-1.jpg","type":"image/jpeg","lastModified":1716558622278.185,"size":69647},{"id":"6f301564471ad632ca04e25051a63bbc80404ca10323d96b4bc2967bba6d647769c7cd070380538742d6f5b3e87c8ad17c658718e2f89ef32d3ff3a3e1473bb2","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/6f301564471ad632ca04e25051a63bbc80404ca10323d96b4bc2967bba6d647769c7cd070380538742d6f5b3e87c8ad17c658718e2f89ef32d3ff3a3e1473bb2","name":"image.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1723539603042.028,"size":3053}] 2e:{"title":"Power & Energy","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"html`\n

Power & Energy

Ngonye Falls Hydroelectric Project

\n
\n${book_index('power-energy')}\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2339,"value":"

Summary

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3032,"value":"html`\nThe Ngonye Falls hydroelectric powerstation will be a seasonally-variable base-load run-of-river hydroelectric powerstation. The powerstation will produce stable, predictable base-load output over timescales of days and weeks but with a seasonal pattern of higher and lower output driven by the overall river hydrology.\n

\nAs a run-of-river powerstation and with an unusual hydraulic characteristic of inversely proportional generation head and flow, the power station will be highly climate change and climate variability resiliant with very consistent annual energy yields mostly decoupled from the the existing storage reservoir hydro plants installed downstream on the Zambezi River.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2636,"value":"

Hydropower Potential at Ngonye Falls

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":2662,"value":"

Run-of-river Hydropower

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":2638,"value":"html`\nAt any given time, the electrical power output of a hydroelectric plant is proportional to the product of the rate of water discharge through the turbines and the generation head. This generation head is just the difference in height between the water above and below the power station.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2912,"value":"tex.block`\n\nPower\\,MW \\:{\\displaystyle \\propto }\\: Generation\\,Flow * Head\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2915,"value":"html`\nStorage type hydroelectric power stations - with a storage reservoir behind a dam - may vary their discharge by holding back and storing water at certain periods and then releasing it during later periods. However, the water discharge through run-of-river hydroelectric power stations, like the proposed Ngonye Falls project, is determined entirely by the natural flow of water in the river and at any given time.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":527,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3039,"value":"html` \nThe Zambezi River flow at Ngonye Falls is highly seasonal because of the seasonal nature of rainfall in the upper catchment with flow varying from a mean minimum of ${formatFlow(d3.mean(yearly_flows, v=>v.Flow_min))} in September - October to a mean annual maximum flow of ${formatFlow(d3.mean(yearly, v=>v.Flow_max))} in April.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2614,"value":"{\n let cap= `Historic flow at Ngonye Falls.`\n var data = [{\n x: monthly_flow.map(month=>new Date(`${month.year}-${month.month}-01`)),\n y: monthly_flow.map(month=>month.flowMax),\n mode: 'lines',\n name:'Flow',\n type: 'scatter',\n showlegend: false,\n line: {color: colr_b(3),width:1.5},\n }];\n \n \n var layout = {\n width: width>1100 ? 1070 : width-30,\n margin: {t:10, b:30, l:70, r:10},\n height: 200,\n font: font,\n legend: {x: 1,xanchor: 'right',y: 1}, \n xaxis: {\n showgrid: true,\n zeroline: true,\n ticks:'outside',\n range:[\"1924-01-01\",\"2022-10-01\"]\n },\n yaxis: {\n title: 'Flow (m\\u00B3/s)',\n zeroline: false,\n showgrid: false,\n tickformat: ',.2r',\n showline: false\n }\n }\n \n const div=container('', width>1100?1090:width-10)\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false})\n return div\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2750,"value":"html` \n\nAs well as this seasonal varialbility there is also significant interannual variability in the river flow available for hydropower generation at Ngonye Falls with the annual flood peak ranging from less than ${formatFlow(850)} to nearly ${formatFlow(10000)} over the 98 years of recorded flows. There may be a long term cyclical pattern to the level of flood peaks and total annual river discharge.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2596,"value":"{\n const div=container(`Schematic of a Power & Energy Model for the run-of-river Ngonye Falls hydroelectic power station. Without storage, the instantaneous power output of the power station depends only on the current flow of water in the Zambezi River. The generation head also varies depending on the river flow.`)\n const img = html`

`\n div.prepend(img)\n return div\n}\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2668,"value":"

A Balancing Flow-Head Relationship at Ngonye Falls

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":2675,"value":"{\n const div=container(`The proposed Ngonye Falls hydroelectric power station on the Zambezi River (black linework) with the river flowing from left to right. The river above the falls is wide and shallow (blues). Below the falls it enters a deep, narrow gorge (reds).`,630)\n const img = html`

`\n div.prepend(img)\n return div\n}\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2653,"value":"html `\nAbove the Ngonye Falls the Zambezi River is over 1km wide and relatively shallow and slow flowing. However, below the falls the river is cut into a deep, narrow gorge less than 100m wide. The water level in this constricted gorge varies considerably as the river flow varies through its natural, seasonal cycle of low and flood flows. The varying level of the water in the gorge around the powerhouse means that the generation head also varies inversely with the flow of water in the river.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2711,"value":"{ \n var data = [\n\n {\n x: pefdc.map(ex=>Math.round(ex.flowRiver)),\n y: pefdc.map(ex=>ex.grossHead),\n mode: 'lines',\n fill:'tozeroy',\n line: {shape: 'spline', color: colr_c(5)},\n type: 'scatter',\n hovertemplate: '%{y:.1f}m'\n },\n ];\n \n var layout = {\n width: width>600?570:width-30,\n height:200,\n font: font,\n margin: {t:10, b:50, l:50, r:10},\n showlegend: false, \n xaxis: {\n showgrid: false,\n zeroline: false,\n ticks:'outside',\n range: [7000,600],\n title: 'River Flow (m\\u00B3/s)',\n },\n yaxis: {\n title: 'Head (m)',\n zeroline: false,\n showline: false,\n range: [5,25],\n separatethousands:true,\n }\n }\n \n const div=container('Power generation head for the Ngonye Falls hydroelectric plant increases as river flow decreases.', width>600?590:width-10)\n plt.newPlot(div, data, layout,{displayModeBar: false})\n return div\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3067,"value":"html `\nThe unusual hydraulic characteristic at the Ngonye Falls of an inverse flow to head relationship means that during periods of low flow, in the winter months or during draught conditions, there is relatively more head for generation. Conversely, when there is more water available for generation during flood conditions then there is relatively less head.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2919,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3004,"value":"

Capacity Optimisation

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":2978,"value":"html `\nAn important design process for any run-of-river hydroelectric powerstation is to determine the optimum size - installed capacity in MW - of the plant considering the varying flow of water available in the river for generation. Run-of-river plants cannot store flood flows to be used for generation at a later time and so any flow above their design discharge will bypass the powerstation and be 'wasted'. Plants that are too small will be wasteful of the available water resource and sub-economic.\n

\nConversely, plants that are too large, with too many MW installed, will only be able to operate at full capacity for short periods during flood conditions and will be inefficient of plant and capital cost and again sub-economic.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3648,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3667,"value":"The Ngonye Falls hydroelectric plant has undergone a thorough techno-economic optimisation to determine the most efficient installed plant capacity at 180MW. This techno-economic optimisation for the project is more fully detailed here.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3606,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2769,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3002,"value":"html `\n

Environmental Flows

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3292,"value":"html `\nThe Ngonye Falls hydroelectric project will divert water for power generation and so reduce the flow of water in an 8km stretch of the Zambezi River. \n

\nHowever, to safeguard and maintain the habitats and ecology of the plants and animals which live in and around the river as well as the eco-services which depend on the river such as tourism, livestock grazing and fisheries, the project is designed to constantly release water through the weir into the affected reach. These Environmental Flows will very depending both on the time of year - to take account of breading and growth seasons - and depending on the overall flow of water in the river.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3074,"value":"{\n const div=container(`The Zambezi River reach affected by reduced flows due to diversion of water for power generation (in yellow) is approximatley 8km long.`,720)\n const img = html`

`\n div.prepend(img)\n return div\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3304,"value":"html `\nThe Environmental Flows were determined for the project using a multi-disciplinary approach backed by detailed habitat and biodiversity surveys and studies of the impact of reducing flows on the environment and key indicator species. Environmental Flows are not available for power generation and the power and energy modelling for the project takes these into account when calculating the expected energy yield for the project.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1023,"value":"

Energy Yield Characteristics

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3154,"value":"

Seasonally Variable Baseload Generation

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3314,"value":"html`\nDue to the hydrology of the Zambezi River and the hydraulic characteristics of the site and design, power output and energy generation from the Ngonye Falls hydroelectric power station is stable, consistent and predictable although it shows significant seasonal variation.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2755,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3318,"value":"html`\nAverage monthly energy yield from the powerstation increases with increasing seasonal river flow from a minimum of around 30MW in October upto a maximum between March and May of around 170MW. Power generation in April is often below peak levels because high river flows lead to low generation head.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3016,"value":"{\n\n return html`\n

Model: ${model.modelName}

\n \n

Energy Summary

Mean Annual - ${formatEnergy(model.energyAnnualMean )}
Median (P50) Annual - ${formatEnergy(model.energyAnnualP50 )}
15-Year P95 Mean Annual - ${formatEnergy(durationVariability[1]['0.95'])}

Power Summary

Nominal - ${d3.format(',.0f')(model.plantCapacity)} MW
Max - ${d3.format(',.0f')(model.powerMax)} MW
P95 'Firm' Power - ${d3.format(',.1f')(\n dailyExceedance.find(e => e.exceedance == 0.95).power\n )} MW
Capacity Factor - ${d3.format(',.1f')(model.capFactorMean * 100)}%

\n `\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3582,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":4019,"value":"$37","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3645,"value":"$38","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3150,"value":"

Climate Change Resilient Generation

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3502,"value":"Due to the catchment characteristics, the hydrology of the Zambezi River, the project design and the unusual head-flow relationship of the Ngonye Falls site, annual energy production from the power station is extremely stable and consistent compared with the variation on river flow.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3327,"value":"html`\nThe stability of annual energy yield also makes the project unusually resilient to both natural climate variability and to human induced climate change. \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2815,"value":"$39","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3509,"value":"The stability in annual energy production is also evident in the flat annual energy probability curves. The 15-year P75 energy - i.e. the average annual energy exceeded in 75% of all possible 15-year periods - is 824GWh per year, only 14GWh per year or 1.7% less than the long-term average energy.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3571,"value":"$3a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3522,"value":"$3b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3138,"value":"

Decoupled from Downstream Reservoirs

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":3346,"value":"html`\nAs a run-of-river power station and due to it's unusual hydraulic characteristics, the energy yield from the Ngonye Falls powerstation is completely decoupled from the large storage reservoir hydro electric power stations downstream in the Zambezi catchment in particular the Kariba complex and Itezi-tezi / Kafue Gorge stations.

Annual power generation potential for these powerstations is directly proportional to the volume of water entering the reservoir each year whereas at Ngonye Falls, energy yield is determined by the period of time the river flow sits at certain levels and high flows can actually lead to lower outputs.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3081,"value":"$3c","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3358,"value":"html`\nIn some years, for example 2021, energy yield at Ngonye Falls can be above average while inflow yield potential at Kariba was below average and in years such as 2018 and 2024, inflow yield potential can be significantly below average due to drought conditions whereas yield at Ngonye Falls would only be moderately affected.\n

\nBeyond their annual energy potential due to annual river flow,storage reservoir type power stations also require carefull management of the reservoir to ensure that water is stored during flood years to be available for baseload generation in drought years. Poor management of the reservoir is not a possibility for run-of-river power stations however.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3597,"value":"perf_2019","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3589,"value":"perf_2023","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":4,"value":"html` \n

\n

Appendix

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3085,"value":"md`## Kariba`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3083,"value":"import {inflow_longterm} from \"@westernpower/kariba\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3090,"value":"import {inflow_potential_stats} from \"@westernpower/kariba\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":194,"value":"md`## P&E`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3586,"value":"import {perf_2018} from \"@westernpower/recent-years-hydrology-and-power-energy-2024\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3592,"value":"import {perf_2023} from \"@westernpower/recent-years-hydrology-and-power-energy-2024\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3594,"value":"import {perf_2019} from \"@westernpower/recent-years-hydrology-and-power-energy-2024\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2713,"value":"pefdc = (await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + \"_pe_fdc.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2758,"value":"calmonths=(await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + '_pe_calmonthly.csv?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3858,"value":"calmonthlyExceedance=(await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + '_pe_calmonthlyenergyexceedances.csv?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 100), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3573,"value":"durationVariability=(await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + '_pe_durationvariability.csv?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 100), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2824,"value":"yearly = await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + \"_pe_yearly.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3891,"value":"annualExceedance=(await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + '_pe_annualexceedances.csv?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 100), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3967,"value":"dailyExceedance=(await d3.csv(peFolder + peModelName + '_pe_dailyexceedances.csv?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 100), d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":551,"value":"md`## Flows`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2619,"value":"monthly_flow = (await d3.csv(hydrologyFolder + \"monthly.csv\",d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3691,"value":"calmonthlyFDCs = Array.from({ length: 12 }, (v, i) => {\n return {\n waterMonth: i+1,\n flows: calmonthlyFdc_raw.map(l=>l[i+1]),\n exceedance: calmonthlyFdc_raw.map(l=>l.exceedance),\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3688,"value":"calmonthlyFdc_raw = (await d3.csv( hydrologyFolder + \"\tcalMonthlyFlowExceedance.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1468,"value":"fdc = (await d3.csv( hydrologyFolder + \"fdc.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":754,"value":"yearly_flows = (await d3.csv(hydrologyFolder + \"yearly.csv?\" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000),d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3719,"value":"

Sources

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":2716,"value":"// model_name='Base Case'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2720,"value":"models = (await d3.csv(server + '/ngonyePlantModels/models/modelStatistics.csv?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 900),d3.autoType))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2718,"value":"model=models.find(md=>md.modelRef==peModelName)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3736,"value":"hydrologyFolder = `${server}/syntheticFlowSeries/${hydrologySet}/processed/`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3744,"value":"peFolder = `${server}/ngonyePlantModels/models/${peModelName}/`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3738,"value":"hydrologySet='2024'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3729,"value":"peModelName='sh_2024_7.8mhead'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3726,"value":"server='https://data.westernpower.org'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":282,"value":"md `## Styling`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3623,"value":"mm3=`Mm\\u00b3`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3095,"value":"function format_twh(val) {\n return d3.format(',.2r')(val)+'TWh'\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2250,"value":"function formatFlow(flow) {\n return d3.format(',.2r')(flow) + ' m\\u00b3/s'\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3251,"value":"function formatEnergy(energy) {\n return d3.format(',.0f')(energy) + 'GWh';\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2187,"value":"function colr_c(i = 1, a = 1) {\n return d3hsv.hsv(160, 0.85, ((6 - i + 1.5) * 15)/100, a).toString();\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3141,"value":"function colr_d(i = 1, a = 1) {\n return d3hsv.hsv(280, 0.85, ((6 - i + 1.5) * 15)/100, a).toString();\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2094,"value":"function colr_b(i = 1, a = 1) {\n return d3hsv.hsv(215, 1, ((6 - i + 1.5) * 15)/120, a).toString();\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2098,"value":"function colr(i = 1, a = 1) {\n return d3hsv.hsv(26, 0.85, ((6 - i + 1.5) * 15)/100, a).toString();\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2083,"value":"container = function(captionText, width_over) {\n const div=DOM.element('div')\n div.setAttribute(\"class\",\"border m-2 p-2\")\n div.setAttribute(\"style\",`width: ${width_over?width_over:(width>800?800:width)}px`)\n if (captionText) {\n const caption=DOM.element('figcaption')\n caption.setAttribute(\"style\",\"max-width:100%\")\n caption.append(captionText)\n div.append(caption)\n }\n return div\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1309,"value":"html`\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2091,"value":"style=html`css `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1609,"value":"import {book_index} from \"@andyflem/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1307,"value":"import {commonStyle} from \"@andyflem/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2765,"value":"make_trans=function(col,opacity) {\n let c=d3.color(col)\n c.opacity=opacity\n return c.formatRgb()\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":189,"value":"md `## Libraries `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3710,"value":"function interpolate(data, xs, ys , x) {\n \n const sorted = data.toSorted((a, b) => a[xs] - b[xs])\n const indx = d3.bisectLeft(sorted.map(v=>v[xs]), x)\n if (indx==0 || x==sorted[indx][xs]) return sorted[indx][ys]\n \n const a=sorted[indx-1]\n const b=sorted[indx]\n \n return a[ys] + ((b[ys] - a[ys])/(b[xs]-a[xs])*(x-a[xs]))\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3652,"value":"cumec=`m\\u00b3/s`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3634,"value":"function monthDays(i) {\n if(i === 4 || i === 6 || i === 9 || i === 11) {\n\t\treturn 30\n\t} else if(i === 2) {\n\t\treturn 28\n\t} else {\n\t\treturn 31\n\t}\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":3637,"value":"makeTrans=function(col,opacity) {\n let c=d3.color(col)\n c.opacity=opacity\n return c.formatRgb()\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":1278,"value":"import {font} from \"@andyflem/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":908,"value":"import {movingAverage} from \"@andyflem/commonlibrary\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":7,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@7\",\"d3-hsv@0.1\")\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":13,"value":"plt = require(\"https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":2096,"value":"d3hsv = require(\"d3-hsv@0.1\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W3d","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}