2f:T2b50,unique_list = [ "Adelanto PD", "Agoura Hills PD", "Alameda Co. Sheriff's Department", "Alameda PD", "Albany PD", "Alhambra PD", "Aliso Viejo PD", "Alpine Co. Sheriff's Department", "Alturas PD", "Amador Co. Sheriff's Department", "Amador PD", "American Canyon PD", "Anaheim PD", "Anderson PD", "Angels Camp PD", "Angels PD", "Antioch PD", "Apple Valley PD", "Arcadia PD", "Arcata PD", "Arroyo Grande PD", "Artesia PD", "Arvin PD", "Atascadero PD", "Atherton PD", "Atwater PD", "Auburn PD", "Avalon PD", "Avenal PD", "Azusa PD", "Bakersfield PD", "Baldwin Park PD", "Banning PD", "Barstow PD", "Beaumont PD", "Bell Gardens PD", "Bell PD", "Bellflower PD", "Belmont PD", "Belvedere PD", "Benicia PD", "Berkeley PD", "Beverly Hills PD", "Big Bear Lake PD", "Big Bear PD", "Biggs PD", "Bishop PD", "Blue Lake PD", "Blythe PD", "Bradbury PD", "Brawley PD", "Brea PD", "Brentwood PD", "Brisbane PD", "Buellton PD", "Buelton PD", "Buena Park PD", "Burbank PD", "Burlingame PD", "Butte Co. Sheriff's Department", "Calabasas PD", "Calaveras Co. Sheriff's Department", "Calexico PD", "California City PD", "Calimesa PD", "Calipatria PD", "Calistoga PD", "Camarillo PD", "Campbell PD", "Canyon Lake PD", "Capitola PD", "Carlsbad PD", "Carmel PD", "Carmel-By-The-Sea PD", "Carpinteria PD", "Carson PD", "Cathedral City PD", "Ceres PD", "Cerritos PD", "Chico PD", "Chino Hills PD", "Chino PD", "Chowchilla PD", "Chula Vista PD", "Citrus Heights PD", "Claremont PD", "Clayton PD", "Clearlake PD", "Cloverdale PD", "Clovis PD", "Coachella PD", "Coalinga PD", "Colfax PD", "Colma PD", "Colton PD", "Colusa Co. Sheriff's Department", "Colusa PD", "Commerce PD", "Compton PD", "Concord PD", "Contra Costa Co. Sheriff's Department", "Corcoran PD", "Corning PD", "Corona PD", "Coronado PD", "Corte Madera PD", "Costa Mesa PD", "Cotati PD", "Covina PD", "Crescent City PD", "Cudahy PD", "Culver City PD", "Cupertino PD", "Cypress PD", "Daly City PD", "Dana Point PD", "Danville PD", "Davis PD", "Del Mar PD", "Del Norte Co. Sheriff's Department", "Del Rey Oaks PD", "Delano PD", "Desert Hot Springs PD", "Diamond Bar PD", "Dinuba PD", "Dixon PD", "Dorris PD", "Dos Palos PD", "Downey PD", "Duarte PD", "Dublin PD", "Dunsmuir PD", "East Palo Alto PD", "Eastvale PD", "El Cajon PD", "El Centro PD", "El Cerrito PD", "El Dorado Co. Sheriff's Department", "El Monte PD", "El Segundo PD", "Elk Grove PD", "Emeryville PD", "Encinitas PD", "Escalon PD", "Escondido PD", "Etna PD", "Eureka PD", "Exeter PD", "Fairfax PD", "Fairfield PD", "Farmersville PD", "Ferndale PD", "Fillmore PD", "Firebaugh PD", "Folsom PD", "Fontana PD", "Fort Bragg PD", "Fort Jones PD", "Fortuna PD", "Foster City PD", "Fountain Valley PD", "Fowler PD", "Fremont PD", "Fresno Co. Sheriff's Department", "Fresno PD", "Fullerton PD", "Galt PD", "Garden Grove PD", "Gardena PD", "Gilroy PD", "Glendale PD", "Glendora PD", "Glenn Co. Sheriff's Department", "Goleta PD", "Gonzales PD", "Grand Terrace PD", "Grass Valley PD", "Greenfield PD", "Gridley PD", "Grover Beach PD", "Guadalupe PD", "Gustine PD", "Half Moon Bay PD", "Hanford PD", "Hawaiian Gardens PD", "Hawthorne PD", "Hayward PD", "Healdsburg PD", "Hemet PD", "Hercules PD", "Hermosa Beach PD", "Hesperia PD", "Hidden Hills PD", "Highland PD", "Hillsborough PD", "Hollister PD", "Holtville PD", "Hughson PD", "Humboldt Co. Sheriff's Department", "Huntington Beach PD", "Huntington Park PD", "Huron PD", "Imperial Beach PD", "Imperial Co. Sheriff's Department", "Imperial PD", "Indian Wells PD", "Indio PD", "Industry PD", "Inglewood PD", "Inyo Co. Sheriff's Department", "Ione PD", "Irvine PD", "Irwindale PD", "Isleton PD", "Jackson PD", "Jurupa Valley PD", "Kerman PD", "Kern Co. Sheriff's Department", "King City PD", "Kings Co. Sheriff's Department", "Kingsburg PD", "La Canada Flintridge PD", "La Canada-Flintridge PD", "La Habra Heights PD", "La Habra PD", "La Mesa PD", "La Mirada PD", "La Palma PD", "La Puente PD", "La Quinta PD", "La Verne PD", "Lafayette PD", "Laguna Beach PD", "Laguna Hills PD", "Laguna Niguel PD", "Laguna Woods PD", "Lake Co. Sheriff's Department", "Lake Elsinore PD", "Lake Forest PD", "Lakeport PD", "Lakewood PD", "Lancaster PD", "Larkspur PD", "Lassen Co. Sheriff's Department", "Lathrop PD", "Lawndale PD", "Lemon Grove PD", "Lemoore PD", "Lincoln PD", "Lindsay PD", "Live Oak PD", "Livermore PD", "Livingston PD", "Lodi PD", "Loma Linda PD", "Lomita PD", "Lompoc PD", "Long Beach PD", "Loomis PD", "Los Alamitos PD", "Los Altos Hills PD", "Los Altos PD", "Los Angeles Co. Sheriff's Department", "Los Angeles PD", "Los Banos PD", "Los Gatos PD", "Loyalton PD", "Lynwood PD", "Madera Co. Sheriff's Department", "Madera PD", "Malibu PD", "Mammoth Lakes PD", "Manhattan Beach PD", "Manteca PD", "Maricopa PD", "Marin Co. Sheriff's Department", "Marina PD", "Mariposa Co. Sheriff's Department", "Martinez PD", "Marysville PD", "Maywood PD", "Mc Farland PD", "Mendocino Co. Sheriff's Department", "Mendota PD", "Menifee PD", "Menlo Park PD", "Merced Co. Sheriff's Department", "Merced PD", "Mill Valley PD", "Millbrae PD", "Milpitas PD", "Mission Viejo PD", "Modesto PD", "Modoc Co. Sheriff's Department", "Mono Co. Sheriff's Department", "Monrovia PD", "Montague PD", "Montclair PD", "Monte Sereno PD", "Montebello PD", "Monterey Co. Sheriff's Department", "Monterey Park PD", "Monterey PD", "Moorpark PD", "Moraga PD", "Moreno Valley PD", "Morgan Hill PD", "Morro Bay PD", "Mount Shasta PD", "Mountain View PD", "Murrieta PD", "Napa Co. Sheriff's Department", "Napa PD", "National City PD", "Needles PD", "Nevada City PD", "Nevada Co. Sheriff's Department", "Newark PD", "Newman PD", "Newport Beach PD", "Norco PD", "Norwalk PD", "Novato PD", "Oakdale PD", "Oakland PD", "Oakley PD", "Oceanside PD", "Ojai PD", "Ontario PD", "Orange Co. Sheriff's Department", "Orange Cove PD", "Orange PD", "Orinda PD", "Orland PD", "Oroville PD", "Oxnard PD", "Pacific Grove PD", "Pacifica PD", "Palm Desert PD", "Palm Springs PD", "Palmdale PD", "Palo Alto PD", "Palos Verdes Estates PD", "Paradise PD", "Paramount PD", "Parlier PD", "Pasadena PD", "Paso Robles PD", "Patterson PD", "Perris PD", "Petaluma PD", "Pico Rivera PD", "Piedmont PD", "Pinole PD", "Pismo Beach PD", "Pittsburg PD", "Placentia PD", "Placer Co. Sheriff's Department", "Placerville PD", "Pleasant Hill PD", "Pleasanton PD", "Plumas Co. Sheriff's Department", "Plymouth PD", "Point Arena PD", "Pomona PD", "Port Hueneme PD", "Porterville PD", "Portola PD", "Portola Valley PD", "Poway PD", "Rancho Cordova PD", "Rancho Cucamonga PD", "Rancho Mirage PD", "Rancho Palos Verdes PD", "Rancho Santa Margarita PD", "Red Bluff PD", "Redding PD", "Redlands PD", "Redondo Beach PD", "Redwood City PD", "Reedley PD", "Rialto PD", "Richmond PD", "Ridgecrest PD", "Rio Dell PD", "Rio Vista PD", "Ripon PD", "Riverbank PD", "Riverside Co. Sheriff's Department", "Riverside PD", "Rocklin PD", "Rohnert Park PD", "Rolling Hills Estates PD", "Rolling Hills PD", "Rosemead PD", "Roseville PD", "Ross PD", "Sacramento Co. Sheriff's Department", "Sacramento PD", "Salinas PD", "San Anselmo PD", "San Benito Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Bernardino Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Bernardino PD", "San Bruno PD", "San Carlos PD", "San Clemente PD", "San Diego Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Diego PD", "San Dimas PD", "San Fernando PD", "San Francisco Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Francisco PD", "San Gabriel PD", "San Jacinto PD", "San Joaquin Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Joaquin PD", "San Jose PD", "San Juan Bautista PD", "San Juan Capistrano PD", "San Leandro PD", "San Luis Obispo Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Luis Obispo PD", "San Marcos PD", "San Marino PD", "San Mateo Co. Sheriff's Department", "San Mateo PD", "San Pablo PD", "San Rafael PD", "San Ramon PD", "Sand City PD", "Sanger PD", "Santa Ana PD", "Santa Barbara Co. Sheriff's Department", "Santa Barbara PD", "Santa Clara Co. Sheriff's Department", "Santa Clara PD", "Santa Clarita PD", "Santa Cruz Co. Sheriff's Department", "Santa Cruz PD", "Santa Fe Springs PD", "Santa Maria PD", "Santa Monica PD", "Santa Paula PD", "Santa Rosa PD", "Santee PD", "Saratoga PD", "Sausalito PD", "Scotts Valley PD", "Seal Beach PD", "Seaside PD", "Sebastopol PD", "Selma PD", "Shafter PD", "Shasta Co. Sheriff's Department", "Shasta Lake PD", "Sierra Co. Sheriff's Department", "Sierra Madre PD", "Signal Hill PD", "Simi Valley PD", "Siskiyou Co. Sheriff's Department", "Solana Beach PD", "Solano Co. Sheriff's Department", "Soledad PD", "Solvang PD", "Sonoma Co. Sheriff's Department", "Sonoma PD", "Sonora PD", "South El Monte PD", "South Gate PD", "South Lake Tahoe PD", "South Pasadena PD", "South San Francisco PD", "St Helena PD", "St.Helena PD", "Stanislaus Co. Sheriff's Department", "Stanton PD", "Stockton PD", "Suisun City PD", "Suisun PD", "Sunnyvale PD", "Susanville PD", "Sutter Co. Sheriff's Department", "Sutter Creek PD", "Taft PD", "Tehachapi PD", "Tehama Co. Sheriff's Department", "Tehama PD", "Temecula PD", "Temple City PD", "Thousand Oaks PD", "Tiburon PD", "Torrance PD", "Tracy PD", "Trinidad PD", "Trinity Co. Sheriff's Department", "Truckee PD", "Tulare Co. Sheriff's Department", "Tulare PD", "Tulelake PD", "Tuolumne Co. Sheriff's Department", "Turlock PD", "Tustin PD", "Twentynine Palms PD", "Ukiah PD", "Union City PD", "Upland PD", "Vacaville PD", "Vallejo PD", "Ventura Co. Sheriff's Department", "Ventura PD", "Vernon PD", "Victorville PD", "Villa Park PD", "Visalia PD", "Vista PD", "Walnut Creek PD", "Walnut PD", "Wasco PD", "Waterford PD", "Watsonville PD", "Weed PD", "West Covina PD", "West Hollywood PD", "West Sacramento PD", "Westlake Village PD", "Westminster PD", "Westmorland PD", "Wheatland PD", "Whittier PD", "Wildomar PD", "Williams PD", "Willits PD", "Willows PD", "Windsor PD", "Winters PD", "Woodlake PD", "Woodland PD", "Woodside PD", "Yolo Co. Sheriff's Department", "Yorba Linda PD", "Yountville PD", "Yreka PD", "Yuba City PD", "Yuba Co. Sheriff's Department", "Yucaipa PD", "Yucca Valley PD" ]30:[{"id":"d4548b6b3ca8cdd0934056bdcfb7d680440e1cff894b8465094a56e0717e1f0aa6144a32c0eb3bd242ced376a39ff87f402f37451b95699a70fc67ac2eb2bc3e","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/d4548b6b3ca8cdd0934056bdcfb7d680440e1cff894b8465094a56e0717e1f0aa6144a32c0eb3bd242ced376a39ff87f402f37451b95699a70fc67ac2eb2bc3e","name":"statewide summary@3.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1731083327929.894,"size":5401},{"id":"8302aac0396bbc40fabd0328a6c5e7d22527e19857a907d7ce8866ac6a11c5a359c18adaa5b48a930e79208f1c1bbc94bfa98c04c8f523ef4c534aa3b96287dd","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/8302aac0396bbc40fabd0328a6c5e7d22527e19857a907d7ce8866ac6a11c5a359c18adaa5b48a930e79208f1c1bbc94bfa98c04c8f523ef4c534aa3b96287dd","name":"local file for data visualizations@3.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1731083327929.894,"size":1836417}] 2d:{"title":"Budget and Clearance Data","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Budget and Clearance Data","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":359,"value":"October 2024","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":515,"value":"chart2_title = md`#### California Spending on Police, 1985-2022, Real 2022 Dollars`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":23,"value":"spending_chart = Plot.plot({\n grid: false,\n marginLeft: 60,\n y: { label: \"2022 dollars (billions)\", tickFormat: \"$0f\" },\n x: { tickFormat: \"0f\", label: null },\n facet: { label: null },\n marks: [\n Plot.line(statewide_data, {\n x: \"year\",\n y: (d) => d[\"spending\"] / 1000000000,\n title: (d) =>\n `${d.year}: $${d3.format(\",.1f\")(d[\"spending\"] / 1000000000)} billion`,\n stroke: \"red\",\n tip: true\n }),\n Plot.text(\n statewide_data.filter((d) =>\n [1987, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2021].includes(d.year)\n ),\n {\n x: \"year\",\n y: (d) => d[\"spending\"] / 1000000000,\n text: (d) => `$${d3.format(\",.1f\")(d[\"spending\"] / 1000000000)}`,\n dy: -13\n }\n )\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":489,"value":"## Change in Police Spending vs Change in Clearance Rates, 1985-2023","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":517,"value":"local_title = md`# Local Data`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":522,"value":"local_desc = md`View the data for your jurisdiction. This tool allows you to compare per capita spending, clearance rates, and crime rates by offense type for most jurisdictions in California.`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":231,"value":"viewof jurisdiction = Inputs.select(unique_list, {\n label: \"Select a jurisdiction\",\n })\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":261,"value":"viewof local_input = Inputs.select(\n [\"All Offenses\", \"Violent Offenses\", \"Property Offenses\"],\n { sort: false, value: \"All Offenses\", label: \"Select a Category of Offenses\" }\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":297,"value":"legend2 = svg``","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":526,"value":"local1_title = md`#### Per Capita Spending, ${jurisdiction} vs California Average, 2003-2022`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":246,"value":"local_spending_chart = Plot.plot({\n height: 400,\n y: { label: \"Spending per capita\", tickFormat: \"$0,f\" },\n x: { label: null, tickFormat: \"\" },\n marks: [\n Plot.barY(\n local_data.filter(\n (d) => (d.jurisdiction == jurisdiction) & (d.year < 2023)\n ),\n {\n x: \"year\",\n y: \"spending_per_cap\",\n title: (d) =>\n `${d.jurisdiction}, ${d.year}: ${dollar_format(d.spending_per_cap)}`,\n fill: \"#ccc\",\n tip: true\n }\n ),\n Plot.line(\n statewide_data.filter(\n (d) => d.year > 2002 && d.jurisdiction == \"California\"\n ),\n {\n x: \"year\",\n y: \"spending_per_cap\",\n stroke: \"red\",\n title: (d) =>\n `${d.jurisdiction}, ${d.year}: ${dollar_format(d.spending_per_cap)}`,\n tip: true\n }\n )\n ],\n caption: ``\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":528,"value":"local2_title = md`#### Clearance Rates for ${local_input}, ${jurisdiction} vs. California Average, 2003-2023`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":259,"value":"local_clearance_chart = Plot.plot({\n height: 400,\n y: { label: local_input, tickFormat: percent_format },\n x: { label: null, tickFormat: \"\" },\n marks: [\n Plot.line(\n local_data.filter(\n (d) =>\n (d.jurisdiction == jurisdiction) | (d.jurisdiction == \"California\")\n ),\n {\n x: \"year\",\n y: local_selection,\n title: (d) =>\n `${d.jurisdiction} in ${d3.format(\"\")(d.year)} \\n${percent_format(\n d[local_selection]\n )}`,\n tip: true,\n stroke: (d) => (d.jurisdiction == \"California\" ? \"red\" : \"black\")\n }\n )\n ],\n caption: ``\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":534,"value":"local3_title = md`#### Crime Rates for ${local_input}, ${jurisdiction} vs. California Average, 2003-2023`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":275,"value":"local_crime_rate_chart = Plot.plot({\n height: 400,\n y: {\n label: `${local_input} per 10k`,\n tickFormat: \"0,f\",\n nice: true\n },\n x: { label: null, tickFormat: \"\" },\n marks: [\n Plot.line(\n local_data\n .filter((d) => d.jurisdiction == jurisdiction)\n .concat(statewide_data.filter((d) => d.year > 2002)),\n {\n x: \"year\",\n y: local_selection_crime_rate,\n title: (d) =>\n `${d.jurisdiction} in ${d3.format(\"\")(d.year)}\\n${d3.format(\".0f\")(\n d[local_selection_crime_rate]\n )} ${local_input} per 10k`,\n tip: true,\n stroke: (d) => (d.jurisdiction == \"California\" ? \"red\" : \"black\")\n }\n )\n ],\n caption: ``\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":189,"value":"### Data","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":6,"value":"statewide_data = FileAttachment(\"statewide summary@3.csv\").csv({ typed: true })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":233,"value":"local_data = FileAttachment(\"local file for data visualizations@3.csv\").csv({ typed: true })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":185,"value":"### Dependencies","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":218,"value":"import {\n addTooltips,\n hover,\n id_generator\n} from \"@cyrusobrien/property-crime-rates-by-state-1985-2020\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":220,"value":"Plot = tooltipPlugin(await require(\"@observablehq/plot\"))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":222,"value":"tooltipPlugin = (Plot) => {\n const { plot } = Plot;\n Plot.plot = ({ tooltip, ...options }) => addTooltips(plot(options), tooltip);\n return Plot;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":187,"value":"### Local logic","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":263,"value":"local_selection = {\n if (local_input == \"All Offenses\") {\n return \"total_cleared\";\n } else if (local_input == \"Violent Offenses\") {\n return \"violent_cleared\";\n } else if (local_input == \"Property Offenses\") {\n return \"property_cleared\";\n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":311,"value":"local_selection_crime_rate = {\n if (local_input == \"All Offenses\") {\n return \"total_crime_rate\";\n } else if (local_input == \"Violent Offenses\") {\n return \"violent_crime_rate\";\n } else if (local_input == \"Property Offenses\") {\n return \"property_crime_rate\";\n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":434,"value":"dollar_format_big = (number) => d3.format(\"$.2s\")(number).replace(\"G\", \"B\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":198,"value":"dollar_format = d3.format(\"$,.0f\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":200,"value":"percent_format = d3.format(\".0%\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":235,"value":"$2f","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":406,"value":"font_family = html``","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":675,"value":"local_data","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"}],"files":"$W30","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}