2f:Tccc,# Pali Chanting Parsing & Metre Algorithm V2 The parsing rules used in this notebook follow the book [An Outline of the Metres in the Pāḷi Canon](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Outline/index.htm) by Ānandajoti Bhikkhu where: - **"`^`"** indicates a **light** syllable ("⏑" is used in the reference book) - **"`-`"** indicates a **heavy** syllable (twice the weight of a light one, "−" is used) - **"`x`"** indicates a **forced heavy** syllable (see [preface to the 3rd edition](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Outline/index.htm#ThirdEdition) in the book, where the sybol "×" is used) **Main metres**: You can find a list of [Main Metres in the Pāḷi Canon ](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Grammar/Main-Metres.htm) online and try to identify the metres, like: _Siloka_ (2x 8 syllables), _Tuṭṭhubha_ (12) & _Jagatī_ (13),_ Old Gīti_ (Karaniya Metta Sutta) and _Hypermetres_ (Itipi so...) **Notes**: You can find the metre name with [this online tool](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Metre-Tables/Tables-Filter.htm) by copying the glyph sequence at the end of the line of the _Block Output_. You can look up the name of the verse on google and have more clue about it! For example, the _Bāhuṁ_ chant, is identifed as "Vasantatilakā" that has a article on [wisdomlib.org](https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vasantatilaka). You can also find a poem in sanskrit chanted by Sanju Baral on [soundclound](https://soundcloud.com/sanju-baral/sanskrit-iii-srimanti-sadguna-vasantatilaka) with that metre! There is another website that references all the meters: [ Prosodic Patterns to be Encoded in Editions](https://erc-dharma.github.io/output-prosody/display-prosody.html) by Dániel Balogh & Arlo Griffiths. An explanation on the difficulty to identify Siloka: [Vuttodaya, The Composition of Metre](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Vuttodaya/05-Disimilar.htm) and a table contaning all meters: [Table of Metre Names and Outlines](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Metre-Tables/Tables-Filter.htm). See also [Vedic metre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_metre) on wikipedia **Sources for pali chant**: - A good source reference for pali chanting is the markdown files from the Bikkhu Manual available on github, for example the [paritta](https://github.com/bhikkhu-manual/bhikkhu-manual/blob/master/manuscript/markdown/chants/parittas.md#bahum), the [suttas](https://github.com/bhikkhu-manual/bhikkhu-manual/blob/master/manuscript/markdown/chants/suttas.md) or the [patimokkha chants](https://github.com/bhikkhu-manual/bhikkhu-manual/blob/master/manuscript/markdown/chants/patimokkha-chants.md) - The [Digital Pali Reader](https://www.digitalpalireader.online/_dprhtml/index.html?loc=k.0.m) can give you the variation of the pali that might help to fit the metre for some verses. - [SuttaCentral](https://suttacentral.net/snp1.8/pli/ms?lang=en&layout=plain&reference=none¬es=asterisk&highlight=false&script=latin) has the root text as well. [Source code](https://observablehq.com/d/cc2bda28d4f8a58b) for this notebook ## Generating Parsing and Metric **Copy/paste** your input text in the field below to see the results!30:T2d14,{ const original = chant.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("'", "") || bahum.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("'", ""); const lower = original.toLowerCase(); const digraphs = ["k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b"]; const vowels = ["a", "i", "u", "e", "ā", "ī", "ū", "o"]; const short = ["a", "i", "u"]; const consonants = [ "k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "kh", "ch", "ṭh", "th", "ph", "gh", "jh", "ḍh", "dh", "bh", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b", "ṅ", "ñ", "ṇ", "n", "m", "h", "y", "r", "l", "v", "ś", "ṣ", "s" ]; // Helper function to normalize prosody patterns function normalizeProsody(pattern) { return pattern .replace(/|<\/td>/g, '') // Remove HTML tags .replace(/–/g, '−') // Normalize em-dash to minus .replace(/=/g, '⏓') // Normalize = to ⏓ (anceps) .trim(); } // Helper function to check if a pattern matches with anceps consideration function matchesPattern(inputPattern, meterPattern) { if (inputPattern.length !== meterPattern.length) { return false; } for (let i = 0; i < inputPattern.length; i++) { const input = inputPattern[i]; const meter = meterPattern[i]; // If meter has anceps (⏓), it can match either heavy (−) or light (⏑) if (meter === '⏓') { continue; // Anceps matches anything } // Otherwise, they must match exactly if (input !== meter) { return false; } } return true; } // Helper function to check XML pattern with + - = symbols function matchesXmlPattern(inputPattern, xmlPattern) { // Convert input symbols to +/- format const convertedInput = inputPattern.replace(/⏑/g, '-').replace(/−/g, '+'); if (convertedInput.length !== xmlPattern.length) { return false; } for (let i = 0; i < convertedInput.length; i++) { const input = convertedInput[i]; const xml = xmlPattern[i]; // If XML has anceps (=), it can match either + or - if (xml === '=') { continue; // Anceps matches anything } // Otherwise, they must match exactly if (input !== xml) { return false; } } return true; } // Function to find matching meters with split pattern support function findMatchingMeters(seq1, seq2, syllableCount) { const matches = []; // Check metres array if (typeof metres !== 'undefined') { for (const meter of metres) { if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); if (matchesPattern(seq1, normalizedProsody)) { matches.push({ source: 'metres', names: meter.names, prosody: normalizedProsody, syllables: meter.syllable }); } } } } // Check output array if (typeof output !== 'undefined' && output.meters) { for (const meter of output.meters) { if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); const xmlPattern = meter.xml || ''; if (matchesPattern(seq1, normalizedProsody) || matchesXmlPattern(seq1, xmlPattern)) { matches.push({ source: 'output', names: meter.names, prosody: normalizedProsody, xml: xmlPattern, syllables: meter.syllable, bibliography: meter.bibliography }); } } } } // If no matches found and syllable count is even and >= 12, try split pattern matching if (matches.length === 0 && syllableCount >= 12 && syllableCount % 2 === 0) { const halfLength = syllableCount / 2; const firstHalf = seq1.substring(0, halfLength); const secondHalf = seq1.substring(halfLength); // Find matches for each half const firstHalfMatches = findMatchingMetersSimple(firstHalf, halfLength); const secondHalfMatches = findMatchingMetersSimple(secondHalf, halfLength); // If both halves have matches, create compound patterns if (firstHalfMatches.length > 0 && secondHalfMatches.length > 0) { for (const first of firstHalfMatches) { for (const second of secondHalfMatches) { const firstNames = Array.isArray(first.names) ? first.names.join(", ") : first.names; const secondNames = Array.isArray(second.names) ? second.names.join(", ") : second.names; matches.push({ source: 'compound', names: [`${firstNames} + ${secondNames}`], prosody: `${first.prosody} ${second.prosody}`, syllables: syllableCount.toString(), isCompound: true }); } } } } return matches; } // Helper function for simple meter matching (no recursion) function findMatchingMetersSimple(seq, syllableCount) { const matches = []; // Check metres array if (typeof metres !== 'undefined') { for (const meter of metres) { if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); if (matchesPattern(seq, normalizedProsody)) { matches.push({ source: 'metres', names: meter.names, prosody: normalizedProsody, syllables: meter.syllable }); } } } } // Check output array if (typeof output !== 'undefined' && output.meters) { for (const meter of output.meters) { if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); const xmlPattern = meter.xml || ''; if (matchesPattern(seq, normalizedProsody) || matchesXmlPattern(seq, xmlPattern)) { matches.push({ source: 'output', names: meter.names, prosody: normalizedProsody, xml: xmlPattern, syllables: meter.syllable, bibliography: meter.bibliography }); } } } } return matches; } // Tokenize function for line-by-line processing function tokenize(line) { const lowerLine = line.toLowerCase(); const chars = [...lowerLine]; const originalChars = [...line]; const phonemes = []; for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) { const c = chars[i]; const o = originalChars[i]; const n = chars[i + 1]; const on = originalChars[i + 1]; if (digraphs.includes(c) && n === "h") { phonemes.push({ text: o + on, lower: c + n }); i++; } else { phonemes.push({ text: o, lower: c }); } } const tokens = []; let syllable = ""; for (let i = 0; i < phonemes.length; i++) { const { text: c, lower: cl } = phonemes[i]; const next = phonemes[i + 1] || {}; const next2 = phonemes[i + 2] || {}; const isVowel = vowels.includes(cl); const isConsonant = consonants.includes(cl); if (!isVowel && !isConsonant) { if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); syllable = ""; tokens.push({ type: "sep", text: c }); continue; } if (isVowel) { syllable += c; if (next.lower === "ṁ" || next.lower === "ṃ") { syllable += next.text; i++; } else if ( next.lower === "m" && !consonants.includes(next2.lower) && !vowels.includes(next2.lower) ) { syllable += next.text; i++; } else if ( consonants.includes(next.lower) && consonants.includes(next2.lower) ) { syllable += next.text; i++; } tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); syllable = ""; continue; } if (isConsonant) { syllable += c; continue; } } if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); return tokens; } const chars = [...lower]; const originalChars = [...original]; // Line-by-line processing with integrated meter matching const originalLines = original.split("\n"); const combinedOutput = originalLines.map((line) => { if (line.trim() === "") return ""; const tokens = tokenize(line); let syllableLine = ""; const rhythmArray = []; const rhythmPositions = []; const syllableMarks = []; for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { const t = tokens[i]; if (t.type === "syllable") { if (i > 0 && tokens[i - 1].type === "syllable") { syllableLine += "-"; rhythmArray.push(" "); } const syllableStart = syllableLine.length; syllableLine += t.text; const syllableMid = Math.floor(t.text.length / 2); const rhythmChar = short.includes(t.text.slice(-1).toLowerCase()) ? "^" : "-"; for (let j = 0; j < t.text.length; j++) rhythmArray.push(" "); const pos = syllableStart + syllableMid; rhythmArray[pos] = rhythmChar; rhythmPositions.push(pos); syllableMarks.push({ mark: rhythmChar, type: "syllable" }); } else { syllableLine += t.text; rhythmArray.push(...t.text.split("").map((_) => " ")); if (t.text === ",") { const last = rhythmArray.length - 1; rhythmArray[last] = ","; } } } // Handle endHeavy if (endHeavy && rhythmPositions.length > 0) { const lastPos = rhythmPositions[rhythmPositions.length - 1]; rhythmArray[lastPos] = "x"; syllableMarks[syllableMarks.length - 1].mark = "x"; } const rhythmLine = rhythmArray.join(""); // Generate prosodic sequence const seq1 = sequence && syllableMarks.length > 0 ? syllableMarks.map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "⏑" : "−")).join("") : ""; // Find matching meters const matches = findMatchingMeters(seq1, "", syllableMarks.length); let matchInfo = ""; if (matches.length > 0) { const matchLines = matches.map(match => { const names = Array.isArray(match.names) ? match.names.join(", ") : match.names; return `\t→ ${names} [${match.syllables}]: ${match.prosody}`; }); matchInfo = `\n${matchLines.join("\n")}`; } const seqDisplay = sequence && seq1 ? ` [${syllableMarks.length}]: ${seq1}` : ""; // Generate DUM/da notation if enabled let dadumLine = ""; if (dadum && syllableMarks.length > 0) { const dadumPattern = syllableMarks.map((e) => { if (e.mark === "^") return "da"; else if (e.mark === "-") return "DUM"; else if (e.mark === "x") return "DUM"; // endHeavy also becomes DUM else return "DUM"; // fallback }).join(" "); dadumLine = `\n${dadumPattern}`; } return `${syllableLine}\n${rhythmLine}${seqDisplay}${dadumLine}${matchInfo}`; }).filter(line => line !== ""); const outputSection = combinedOutput.length > 0 ? `**Prosodic Analysis**\n\`\`\`\n${combinedOutput.join("\n\n")}\n\`\`\`` : ""; return md`${outputSection}`; }31:T1191,{ const original = chant.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("’", "") || bahum.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("’", ""); const lower = original.toLowerCase(); const digraphs = ["k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b"]; const vowels = ["a", "i", "u", "e", "ā", "ī", "ū", "o"]; const short = ["a", "i", "u"]; const consonants = [ "k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "kh", "ch", "ṭh", "th", "ph", "gh", "jh", "ḍh", "dh", "bh", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b", "ṅ", "ñ", "ṇ", "n", "m", "h", "y", "r", "l", "v", "ś", "ṣ", "s" ]; const chars = [...lower]; const originalChars = [...original]; // Step 1: Match digraphs and preserve original case const phonemes = []; for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) { const c = chars[i]; const o = originalChars[i]; const n = chars[i + 1]; const on = originalChars[i + 1]; if (digraphs.includes(c) && n === "h") { phonemes.push({ text: o + on, lower: c + n }); i++; } else { phonemes.push({ text: o, lower: c }); } } // Step 2: Build tokens (syllables and separators) const tokens = []; let syllable = ""; for (let i = 0; i < phonemes.length; i++) { const { text: c, lower: cl } = phonemes[i]; const next = phonemes[i + 1] || {}; const next2 = phonemes[i + 2] || {}; const isVowel = vowels.includes(cl); const isConsonant = consonants.includes(cl); if (!isVowel && !isConsonant) { if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); syllable = ""; tokens.push({ type: "sep", text: c }); continue; } if (isVowel) { syllable += c; if (next.lower === "ṁ" || next.lower === "ṃ") { syllable += next.text; i++; } else if ( next.lower === "m" && !consonants.includes(next2.lower) && !vowels.includes(next2.lower) ) { syllable += next.text; i++; } else if ( consonants.includes(next.lower) && consonants.includes(next2.lower) ) { syllable += next.text; i++; } tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); syllable = ""; continue; } if (isConsonant) { syllable += c; continue; } } if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // Step 3: Build syllableLine (preserving hyphens within words) let syllableLine = ""; for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { const t = tokens[i]; if (t.type === "syllable") { if (i > 0 && tokens[i - 1].type === "syllable") syllableLine += "-"; syllableLine += t.text; } else { syllableLine += t.text; } } if (!parsing) syllableLine = ""; // Step 4: Build rhythmLine with optional heavy endings and sequence line let lines = []; let currentLine = []; for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { const t = tokens[i]; if (t.type === "syllable") { const lastChar = t.text.slice(-1).toLowerCase(); const mark = short.includes(lastChar) ? "^" : "-"; currentLine.push({ mark, type: "syllable" }); } else if (t.text === "\n") { lines.push(currentLine); currentLine = []; } } if (currentLine.length > 0) lines.push(currentLine); // Final formatting with sequence string const rhythmLines = lines.map((line) => { const syllables = line.filter((e) => e.type === "syllable"); if (syllables.length === 0) return ""; if (endHeavy && syllables.length > 0) { const lastIndex = line.lastIndexOf(syllables[syllables.length - 1]); line[lastIndex].mark = "x"; } const rhythm = line.map((e) => e.mark).join(" "); const count = scount ? " (" + syllables.length + ")" : ""; const seq = sequence ? " (" + line .filter((e) => e.type === "syllable") .map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "⏑" : "−")) .join("") + ")" : ""; const seq2 = sequence ? " (" + line .filter((e) => e.type === "syllable") .map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "-" : "+")) .join("") + ")" : ""; return rhythm + count + (glyphSeq ? seq : ""); }); const finalRhythmLine = rhythmLines.join("\n"); return md`**Block Output**\n\`\`\`\n${finalRhythmLine}\n\`\`\``; }32:T5da,### Namo-kāra-aṭṭhaka Paritta Anuṭṭhubha Siloka, 4 lines of 8 syllables. ``` ^ - ^ ^ ^ - - x - - - ^ ^ - ^ x ^ - - ^ ^ - - x - - - - ^ - ^ x ^ - ^ - - - - x ^ - ^ - ^ - ^ x ^ - - - - - - x ^ - ^ - ^ - ^ x ``` ### Ratana-sutta Mixed Tuṭṭhubha/Jagatī of 11 or 12 syllables. ``` - - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x - - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x - - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - ^ x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x - - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x - - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - ^ x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - ^ x ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x - - ^ - - ^ ^ - ^ - x ``` ### Karaniya metta sutta Old Giti, formed of 7 bars of four measure each. with the pattern: ``` - - | ^ - ^ | - - | ^ - ^ | - - | ^ - ^ | ^ ^ - | x ``` starts: ``` _ - ^ - ^ _ - ^ - - - - ^ - ^ ^ ^ - x - - ^ - ^ _ - ^ ^ ^ - - ^ _ ^ ^ ^ - x - - ^ - ^ _ - ^ - ^ - - ^ - ^ ^ ^ - x - - ^ - ^ _ - ^ - ^ - - ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ - x _ - - ^ - ^ - - ^ - ^ - - ^ - ^ ^ ^ - x _ - - - ^ - - ^ - - - - ^ - ^ ^ ^ - x - - ^ - ^ - - ^ ^ - - - ^ - - ^ ^ ^ - x - - - - ^ - - - - ^ - - ^ - ^ ^ ^ - x ``` Once you can identify the metre in a sutta, you can have more information on its place in time during the time of the Buddha or after his passing. See this [chapter](https://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Textual-Studies/Outline/5-Outline.htm) for more information.33:T2309,// { // const original = // chant.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("'", "") || // bahum.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("'", ""); // const lower = original.toLowerCase(); // const digraphs = ["k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b"]; // const vowels = ["a", "i", "u", "e", "ā", "ī", "ū", "o"]; // const short = ["a", "i", "u"]; // const consonants = [ // "k", // "c", // "ṭ", // "t", // "p", // "kh", // "ch", // "ṭh", // "th", // "ph", // "gh", // "jh", // "ḍh", // "dh", // "bh", // "g", // "j", // "ḍ", // "d", // "b", // "ṅ", // "ñ", // "ṇ", // "n", // "m", // "h", // "y", // "r", // "l", // "v", // "ś", // "ṣ", // "s" // ]; // const chars = [...lower]; // const originalChars = [...original]; // // Cache for meter search results // const meterCache = new Map(); // // Helper function to normalize prosody patterns // function normalizeProsody(pattern) { // return pattern // .replace(/|<\/td>/g, "") // Remove HTML tags // .replace(/–/g, "−") // Normalize em-dash to minus // .replace(/=/g, "⏓") // Normalize = to ⏓ (anceps) // .trim(); // } // // Helper function to check if a pattern matches with anceps consideration // function matchesPattern(inputPattern, meterPattern) { // if (inputPattern.length !== meterPattern.length) { // return false; // } // for (let i = 0; i < inputPattern.length; i++) { // const input = inputPattern[i]; // const meter = meterPattern[i]; // // If meter has anceps (⏓), it can match either heavy (−) or light (⏑) // if (meter === "⏓") { // continue; // Anceps matches anything // } // // Otherwise, they must match exactly // if (input !== meter) { // return false; // } // } // return true; // } // // Helper function to check XML pattern with + - = symbols // function matchesXmlPattern(inputPattern, xmlPattern) { // // Convert input symbols to +/- format // const convertedInput = inputPattern.replace(/⏑/g, "-").replace(/−/g, "+"); // if (convertedInput.length !== xmlPattern.length) { // return false; // } // for (let i = 0; i < convertedInput.length; i++) { // const input = convertedInput[i]; // const xml = xmlPattern[i]; // // If XML has anceps (=), it can match either + or - // if (xml === "=") { // continue; // Anceps matches anything // } // // Otherwise, they must match exactly // if (input !== xml) { // return false; // } // } // return true; // } // // Function to find matching meters // function findMatchingMeters(seq1, seq2, syllableCount) { // const matches = []; // // Check metres array // if (typeof metres !== "undefined") { // for (const meter of metres) { // if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { // const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); // if (matchesPattern(seq1, normalizedProsody)) { // matches.push({ // source: "metres", // names: meter.names, // prosody: normalizedProsody, // syllables: meter.syllable // }); // } // } // } // } // // Check output array // if (typeof output !== "undefined" && output.meters) { // for (const meter of output.meters) { // if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { // const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); // const xmlPattern = meter.xml || ""; // if ( // matchesPattern(seq1, normalizedProsody) || // matchesXmlPattern(seq1, xmlPattern) // ) { // matches.push({ // source: "output", // names: meter.names, // prosody: normalizedProsody, // xml: xmlPattern, // syllables: meter.syllable, // bibliography: meter.bibliography // }); // } // } // } // } // return matches; // } // // Step 1: Match digraphs and preserve original case // const phonemes = []; // for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) { // const c = chars[i]; // const o = originalChars[i]; // const n = chars[i + 1]; // const on = originalChars[i + 1]; // if (digraphs.includes(c) && n === "h") { // phonemes.push({ text: o + on, lower: c + n }); // i++; // } else { // phonemes.push({ text: o, lower: c }); // } // } // // Step 2: Build tokens (syllables and separators) // const tokens = []; // let syllable = ""; // for (let i = 0; i < phonemes.length; i++) { // const { text: c, lower: cl } = phonemes[i]; // const next = phonemes[i + 1] || {}; // const next2 = phonemes[i + 2] || {}; // const isVowel = vowels.includes(cl); // const isConsonant = consonants.includes(cl); // if (!isVowel && !isConsonant) { // if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // syllable = ""; // tokens.push({ type: "sep", text: c }); // continue; // } // if (isVowel) { // syllable += c; // if (next.lower === "ṁ" || next.lower === "ṃ") { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } else if ( // next.lower === "m" && // !consonants.includes(next2.lower) && // !vowels.includes(next2.lower) // ) { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } else if ( // consonants.includes(next.lower) && // consonants.includes(next2.lower) // ) { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } // tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // syllable = ""; // continue; // } // if (isConsonant) { // syllable += c; // continue; // } // } // if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // // Step 3: Build syllableLine (preserving hyphens within words) // let syllableLine = ""; // for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { // const t = tokens[i]; // if (t.type === "syllable") { // if (i > 0 && tokens[i - 1].type === "syllable") syllableLine += "-"; // syllableLine += t.text; // } else { // syllableLine += t.text; // } // } // if (!parsing) syllableLine = ""; // // Step 4: Build rhythmLine with optional heavy endings and sequence line // let lines = []; // let currentLine = []; // for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { // const t = tokens[i]; // if (t.type === "syllable") { // const lastChar = t.text.slice(-1).toLowerCase(); // const mark = short.includes(lastChar) ? "^" : "-"; // currentLine.push({ mark, type: "syllable" }); // } else if (t.text === "\n") { // lines.push(currentLine); // currentLine = []; // } // } // if (currentLine.length > 0) lines.push(currentLine); // // Final formatting with sequence string and meter matching // const rhythmLines = lines.map((line) => { // const syllables = line.filter((e) => e.type === "syllable"); // if (syllables.length === 0) return ""; // if (endHeavy && syllables.length > 0) { // const lastIndex = line.lastIndexOf(syllables[syllables.length - 1]); // line[lastIndex].mark = "x"; // } // const rhythm = line.map((e) => e.mark).join(" "); // const count = scount ? " (" + syllables.length + ")" : ""; // const seq1 = sequence // ? line // .filter((e) => e.type === "syllable") // .map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "⏑" : "−")) // .join("") // : ""; // const seq2 = sequence // ? line // .filter((e) => e.type === "syllable") // .map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "-" : "+")) // .join("") // : ""; // // Find matching meters // const matches = findMatchingMeters(seq1, seq2, syllables.length); // let matchInfo = ""; // if (matches.length > 0) { // const matchLines = matches.map((match) => { // const names = Array.isArray(match.names) // ? match.names.join(", ") // : match.names; // return `\t→ ${names} [${match.syllables}]: ${match.prosody}`; // }); // matchInfo = `\n${matchLines.join("\n")}`; // } // const seqDisplay = sequence ? ` (${seq1})` : ""; // return rhythm + count + seqDisplay + matchInfo; // }); // const finalRhythmLine = rhythmLines.join("\n"); // return md`**Block Output (with syllable counts, glyph sequence & meter identification)**\n\`\`\`\n${syllableLine}\n\n${finalRhythmLine}\n\`\`\``; // } 34:T119d,// { // const original = // chant.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("’", "") || // bahum.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("’", ""); // const lines = original.split("\n"); // const digraphs = ["k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b"]; // const vowels = ["a", "i", "u", "e", "ā", "ī", "ū", "o"]; // const short = ["a", "i", "u"]; // const consonants = [ // "k", // "c", // "ṭ", // "t", // "p", // "kh", // "ch", // "ṭh", // "th", // "ph", // "gh", // "jh", // "ḍh", // "dh", // "bh", // "g", // "j", // "ḍ", // "d", // "b", // "ṅ", // "ñ", // "ṇ", // "n", // "m", // "h", // "y", // "r", // "l", // "v", // "ś", // "ṣ", // "s" // ]; // function tokenize(line) { // const lower = line.toLowerCase(); // const chars = [...lower]; // const originalChars = [...line]; // const phonemes = []; // for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) { // const c = chars[i]; // const o = originalChars[i]; // const n = chars[i + 1]; // const on = originalChars[i + 1]; // if (digraphs.includes(c) && n === "h") { // phonemes.push({ text: o + on, lower: c + n }); // i++; // } else { // phonemes.push({ text: o, lower: c }); // } // } // const tokens = []; // let syllable = ""; // for (let i = 0; i < phonemes.length; i++) { // const { text: c, lower: cl } = phonemes[i]; // const next = phonemes[i + 1] || {}; // const next2 = phonemes[i + 2] || {}; // const isVowel = vowels.includes(cl); // const isConsonant = consonants.includes(cl); // if (!isVowel && !isConsonant) { // if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // syllable = ""; // tokens.push({ type: "sep", text: c }); // continue; // } // if (isVowel) { // syllable += c; // if (next.lower === "ṁ" || next.lower === "ṃ") { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } else if ( // next.lower === "m" && // !consonants.includes(next2.lower) && // !vowels.includes(next2.lower) // ) { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } else if ( // consonants.includes(next.lower) && // consonants.includes(next2.lower) // ) { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } // tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // syllable = ""; // continue; // } // if (isConsonant) { // syllable += c; // continue; // } // } // if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // return tokens; // } // const outputLines = lines.map((line) => { // const tokens = tokenize(line); // let syllableLine = ""; // const rhythmArray = []; // const rhythmPositions = []; // for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { // const t = tokens[i]; // if (t.type === "syllable") { // if (i > 0 && tokens[i - 1].type === "syllable") { // syllableLine += "-"; // rhythmArray.push(" "); // } // const syllableStart = syllableLine.length; // syllableLine += t.text; // const syllableMid = Math.floor(t.text.length / 2); // const rhythmChar = short.includes(t.text.slice(-1).toLowerCase()) // ? "^" // : "-"; // for (let j = 0; j < t.text.length; j++) rhythmArray.push(" "); // const pos = syllableStart + syllableMid; // rhythmArray[pos] = rhythmChar; // rhythmPositions.push(pos); // } else { // syllableLine += t.text; // rhythmArray.push(...t.text.split("").map((_) => " ")); // if (t.text === ",") { // const last = rhythmArray.length - 1; // rhythmArray[last] = ","; // } // } // } // // Handle endHeavy37858 // if (endHeavy && rhythmPositions.length > 0) { // const lastPos = rhythmPositions[rhythmPositions.length - 1]; // rhythmArray[lastPos] = "x"; // } // const rhythmLine = rhythmArray.join(""); // return `${syllableLine}\n${rhythmLine}`; // }); // return md`**Line-by-line Output**\n\`\`\`\n${outputLines.join("\n")}\n\`\`\``; // } 35:T233a,// { // const original = // chant.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("'", "") || // bahum.replaceAll("-", "").replaceAll("'", "").replaceAll("'", ""); // const lower = original.toLowerCase(); // const digraphs = ["k", "c", "ṭ", "t", "p", "g", "j", "ḍ", "d", "b"]; // const vowels = ["a", "i", "u", "e", "ā", "ī", "ū", "o"]; // const short = ["a", "i", "u"]; // const consonants = [ // "k", // "c", // "ṭ", // "t", // "p", // "kh", // "ch", // "ṭh", // "th", // "ph", // "gh", // "jh", // "ḍh", // "dh", // "bh", // "g", // "j", // "ḍ", // "d", // "b", // "ṅ", // "ñ", // "ṇ", // "n", // "m", // "h", // "y", // "r", // "l", // "v", // "ś", // "ṣ", // "s" // ]; // const chars = [...lower]; // const originalChars = [...original]; // // Helper function to normalize prosody patterns // function normalizeProsody(pattern) { // return pattern // .replace(/|<\/td>/g, "") // Remove HTML tags // .replace(/–/g, "−") // Normalize em-dash to minus // .replace(/=/g, "⏓") // Normalize = to ⏓ (anceps) // .trim(); // } // // Helper function to check if a pattern matches with anceps consideration // function matchesPattern(inputPattern, meterPattern) { // if (inputPattern.length !== meterPattern.length) { // return false; // } // for (let i = 0; i < inputPattern.length; i++) { // const input = inputPattern[i]; // const meter = meterPattern[i]; // // If meter has anceps (⏓), it can match either heavy (−) or light (⏑) // if (meter === "⏓") { // continue; // Anceps matches anything // } // // Otherwise, they must match exactly // if (input !== meter) { // return false; // } // } // return true; // } // // Helper function to check XML pattern with + - = symbols // function matchesXmlPattern(inputPattern, xmlPattern) { // // Convert input symbols to +/- format // const convertedInput = inputPattern.replace(/⏑/g, "-").replace(/−/g, "+"); // if (convertedInput.length !== xmlPattern.length) { // return false; // } // for (let i = 0; i < convertedInput.length; i++) { // const input = convertedInput[i]; // const xml = xmlPattern[i]; // // If XML has anceps (=), it can match either + or - // if (xml === "=") { // continue; // Anceps matches anything // } // // Otherwise, they must match exactly // if (input !== xml) { // return false; // } // } // return true; // } // // Function to find matching meters // function findMatchingMeters(seq1, seq2, syllableCount) { // const matches = []; // // Check metres array // if (typeof metres !== "undefined") { // for (const meter of metres) { // if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { // const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); // if (matchesPattern(seq1, normalizedProsody)) { // matches.push({ // source: "metres", // names: meter.names, // prosody: normalizedProsody, // syllables: meter.syllable // }); // } // } // } // } // // Check output array // if (typeof output !== "undefined" && output.meters) { // for (const meter of output.meters) { // if (meter.syllable === syllableCount.toString()) { // const normalizedProsody = normalizeProsody(meter.prosody); // const xmlPattern = meter.xml || ""; // if ( // matchesPattern(seq1, normalizedProsody) || // matchesXmlPattern(seq1, xmlPattern) // ) { // matches.push({ // source: "output", // names: meter.names, // prosody: normalizedProsody, // xml: xmlPattern, // syllables: meter.syllable, // bibliography: meter.bibliography // }); // } // } // } // } // return matches; // } // // Step 1: Match digraphs and preserve original case // const phonemes = []; // for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) { // const c = chars[i]; // const o = originalChars[i]; // const n = chars[i + 1]; // const on = originalChars[i + 1]; // if (digraphs.includes(c) && n === "h") { // phonemes.push({ text: o + on, lower: c + n }); // i++; // } else { // phonemes.push({ text: o, lower: c }); // } // } // // Step 2: Build tokens (syllables and separators) // const tokens = []; // let syllable = ""; // for (let i = 0; i < phonemes.length; i++) { // const { text: c, lower: cl } = phonemes[i]; // const next = phonemes[i + 1] || {}; // const next2 = phonemes[i + 2] || {}; // const isVowel = vowels.includes(cl); // const isConsonant = consonants.includes(cl); // if (!isVowel && !isConsonant) { // if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // syllable = ""; // tokens.push({ type: "sep", text: c }); // continue; // } // if (isVowel) { // syllable += c; // if (next.lower === "ṁ" || next.lower === "ṃ") { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } else if ( // next.lower === "m" && // !consonants.includes(next2.lower) && // !vowels.includes(next2.lower) // ) { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } else if ( // consonants.includes(next.lower) && // consonants.includes(next2.lower) // ) { // syllable += next.text; // i++; // } // tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // syllable = ""; // continue; // } // if (isConsonant) { // syllable += c; // continue; // } // } // if (syllable) tokens.push({ type: "syllable", text: syllable }); // // Step 3: Build syllableLine (preserving hyphens within words) // let syllableLine = ""; // for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { // const t = tokens[i]; // if (t.type === "syllable") { // if (i > 0 && tokens[i - 1].type === "syllable") syllableLine += "-"; // syllableLine += t.text; // } else { // syllableLine += t.text; // } // } // if (!parsing) syllableLine = ""; // // Step 4: Build rhythmLine with optional heavy endings and sequence line // let lines = []; // let currentLine = []; // for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) { // const t = tokens[i]; // if (t.type === "syllable") { // const lastChar = t.text.slice(-1).toLowerCase(); // const mark = short.includes(lastChar) ? "^" : "-"; // currentLine.push({ mark, type: "syllable" }); // } else if (t.text === "\n") { // lines.push(currentLine); // currentLine = []; // } // } // if (currentLine.length > 0) lines.push(currentLine); // // Final formatting with sequence string and meter matching // const rhythmLines = lines.map((line) => { // const syllables = line.filter((e) => e.type === "syllable"); // if (syllables.length === 0) return ""; // if (endHeavy && syllables.length > 0) { // const lastIndex = line.lastIndexOf(syllables[syllables.length - 1]); // line[lastIndex].mark = "x"; // } // const rhythm = line.map((e) => e.mark).join(" "); // const count = scount ? " (" + syllables.length + ")" : ""; // const seq1 = sequence // ? line // .filter((e) => e.type === "syllable") // .map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "⏑" : "−")) // .join("") // : ""; // const seq2 = sequence // ? line // .filter((e) => e.type === "syllable") // .map((e) => (e.mark === "^" ? "-" : "+")) // .join("") // : ""; // // Find matching meters // const matches = findMatchingMeters(seq1, seq2, syllables.length); // let matchInfo = ""; // if (matches.length > 0) { // const matchLines = matches.map((match) => { // const names = Array.isArray(match.names) // ? match.names.join(", ") // : match.names; // const pattern = match.xml // ? `${match.prosody} (${match.xml})` // : match.prosody; // return `→ ${names} [${match.syllables}]: ${pattern}`; // }); // matchInfo = `\n${matchLines.join("\n")}`; // } // const seqDisplay = sequence ? ` (${seq1}) (${seq2})` : ""; // return rhythm + count + seqDisplay + matchInfo; // }); // const finalRhythmLine = rhythmLines.join("\n"); // return md`**LEGACY Block Output (with syllable counts, glyph sequence & meter identification)**\n\`\`\`\n${syllableLine}\n\n${finalRhythmLine}\n\`\`\``; // }36:[{"id":"48ee5dcb9ee7b16d0a16fc5626afaa66e2a12733f3729b6bcfcc9b8de71ce0d718c3ca6d69ccea31f48b8ae29207fd4f5cd9f0440d2b8508257663aa4787847e","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/48ee5dcb9ee7b16d0a16fc5626afaa66e2a12733f3729b6bcfcc9b8de71ce0d718c3ca6d69ccea31f48b8ae29207fd4f5cd9f0440d2b8508257663aa4787847e","name":"output.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755845145444.548,"size":69042},{"id":"d54d323e14c99c410c210fd7bc677e57ed4a29992ec73e0329505c1f70468fcc0e09a37aaa3c7a9f54359775260a4483606858d2092eef5346f965ddf5aa0155","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/d54d323e14c99c410c210fd7bc677e57ed4a29992ec73e0329505c1f70468fcc0e09a37aaa3c7a9f54359775260a4483606858d2092eef5346f965ddf5aa0155","name":"metres.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755845782360.472,"size":37216},{"id":"833ac9da65c4dacfd120177f99719a2239cf3d304a63ad0e9ac7a032e7fd3c980b9ad14431455d33c90fd6bd6a40525505a1cae558c73fc121feeee221357b61","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/833ac9da65c4dacfd120177f99719a2239cf3d304a63ad0e9ac7a032e7fd3c980b9ad14431455d33c90fd6bd6a40525505a1cae558c73fc121feeee221357b61","name":"output@1.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755848328420.584,"size":70116},{"id":"c48d99ef7ca17d06265baa4c3509fdeb613c65f231c9a56545e18d543ae8ca8f2a692a3e8944d6c2d83af670634ae275ff861c8b0e9617b6b324fe2093043916","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c48d99ef7ca17d06265baa4c3509fdeb613c65f231c9a56545e18d543ae8ca8f2a692a3e8944d6c2d83af670634ae275ff861c8b0e9617b6b324fe2093043916","name":"output@2.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755849458942.487,"size":70135},{"id":"918879bf63f0be85d0b7621cd422e226111afc888591ca060d5fe47c61d6ef5f65575803f7b1f9b2893542b9c563c3550e2672f34bb578032c7971fb8982f2a5","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/918879bf63f0be85d0b7621cd422e226111afc888591ca060d5fe47c61d6ef5f65575803f7b1f9b2893542b9c563c3550e2672f34bb578032c7971fb8982f2a5","name":"output@3.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755850055192.404,"size":70131},{"id":"2005e7f96257eb7986faec24bb5ab32fc3ba2a48e12da70f38116ed23d93360deedda5c0b0f03add48a28c18b72f515705780f273c16cb35c6f410a9a3a97434","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/2005e7f96257eb7986faec24bb5ab32fc3ba2a48e12da70f38116ed23d93360deedda5c0b0f03add48a28c18b72f515705780f273c16cb35c6f410a9a3a97434","name":"output@4.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755851327368.88,"size":71944},{"id":"a44acda114ab860af6ecf95311e4d5aba16a39dd04532e6b9a7398d046e428742e86726fa1e95a80b61462a6edbbb5f25ca94b22ced9b1501a68163d1c9887cc","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/a44acda114ab860af6ecf95311e4d5aba16a39dd04532e6b9a7398d046e428742e86726fa1e95a80b61462a6edbbb5f25ca94b22ced9b1501a68163d1c9887cc","name":"output@5.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1755851570376.386,"size":71939}] 2d:{"title":"Pali Chanting Parsing & Metre Algorithm V2","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"$2f","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":5,"value":"viewof chant = Inputs.textarea({\n placeholder: bahum,\n rows: 6\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":47,"value":"viewof endHeavy = Inputs.toggle({\n label: \"Force end of verse as heavy\",\n value: true\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":129,"value":"viewof sequence = Inputs.toggle({\n label: \"Show glyph analysis\",\n value: true\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":324,"value":"viewof dadum = Inputs.toggle({\n label: \"Show dadum\",\n value: false\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":282,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":338,"value":"viewof glyphSeq = Inputs.toggle({\n label: \"Show sequence glyph\",\n value: false\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":206,"value":"---\n\n## Examples\n\nOnce you have the _block output_ you can experiment to find out the pattern of the metre. I use underscore \"_\" to resolve \"^ ^\" as one heavy syllable. Often, you will need to make use of alternative reading or metri causa to fit the verse into a metre. 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